The Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) stem has interesting nutritional and pharmacological properties to promote the health of the skeletal system. It is a well-recognized plant in the conventional system of medicine in India for treating bone and joint-associated complications. This study focuses on identifying the active constituents from the stem and root extracts of CQ and validating its anti-osteoarthritic activity by the in vivo model. Notable levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found in the ethanol extracts of both CQ stem (CQSE) and root (CQRE), among other solvent fractions. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of these selective extracts resulted in different classes of active compounds from both positive and negative ionization modes. By analyzing their mass spectra and fragmentation pattern, 25 active compounds were identified. The CQSE and CQRE extracts, along with the standard drug (naproxen), were further tested in mono-sodium iodoacetate-induced experimental OA animals. The modulatory effects of the test extracts were assessed by haematology, synovial and cartilage marker profiling, radiology and histopathological analysis. The in vivo findings from the biochemical and physiological studies have led to the conclusion that the CQSE extract is a good choice for the management of OA. The results were substantially better than CQ root extract and naproxen drug-treated groups. Thus, CQS has bioactive constituents, which could facilitate recovery from joint tissue damage, cellular metabolism and associated risk factors attributable to dysfunctions in OA incidence and progression.

中文翻译：

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四角形犬（veldt葡萄）减弱了碘伏一乙酸钠（MIA）诱导的大鼠膝关节炎的疾病进展和解剖学变化。

该白粉藤quadrangularis（CQ）干有有趣的营养和药理特性，促进骨骼系统的健康。它是印度传统医学系统中公认的用于治疗骨骼和关节相关并发症的植物。这项研究的重点是从CQ的茎和根提取物中鉴定活性成分，并通过体内验证其抗骨关节炎活性模型。在CQ茎（CQSE）和根（CQRE）以及其他溶剂馏分的乙醇提取物中均发现了明显的酚类和类黄酮含量。这些选择性提取物的UPLC-MS / MS分析得出了正离子和负离子化模式下不同类别的活性化合物。通过分析其质谱和碎片图谱，鉴定出25种活性化合物。CQSE和CQRE提取物以及标准药物（萘普生）在碘乙酸单钠诱导的实验性OA动物中进行了进一步测试。通过血液学，滑膜和软骨标志物谱，放射学和组织病理学分析评估测试提取物的调节作用。在体内生化和生理学研究的结果得出结论，认为CQSE提取物是管理OA的不错选择。结果明显好于CQ根提取物和萘普生药物治疗组。因此，CQS具有生物活性成分，可以促进关节组织损伤，细胞代谢以及与OA发生和发展功能障碍有关的相关危险因素的恢复。