Developing efficient sensor materials with superior performance for selective, fast and sensitive detection of gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential for human health and environmental protection, through monitoring indoor and outdoor air pollutions, managing industrial processes, controlling food quality and assisting early diagnosis of diseases. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a unique type of crystalline and porous solid material constructed from metal nodes (metal ions or clusters) and functional organic ligands. They have been investigated extensively for possible use as high performance sensors for the detection of many different gases and VOCs in recent years, due to their large surface area, tunable pore size, functionalizable sites and intriguing properties, such as electrical conductivity, magnetism, ferroelectricity, luminescence and chromism. The high porosity of MOFs allows them to interact strongly with various analytes, including gases and VOCs, thus resulting in easily measurable responses to different physicochemical parameters. Although much of the recent work on MOF-based luminescent sensors have been summarized in several excellent reviews (up to 2018), a comprehensive overview of these materials for sensing gases and VOCs based on chemiresistive, magnetic, ferroelectric, and colorimertic mechanisms is missing. In this review, we highlight the most recent progress in developing MOF sensing and switching materials with an emphasis on sensing mechanisms based on electricity, magnetism, ferroelectricity and chromism. We provide a comprehensive analysis on the MOF–analyte interactions in these processes, which play a key role in the sensing performance of the MOF-based sensors and switches. We discuss in detail possible applications of MOF-based sensing and switching materials in detecting oxygen, water vapor, toxic industrial gases (such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, carbon oxides and carbon disulfide) and VOCs (such as aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and N,N′-dimethylformamide). Overall, this review serves as a timely source of information and provides insight for the future development of advanced MOF materials as next-generation gas and VOC sensors.

中文翻译：

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功能性金属有机框架可作为气体和挥发性化合物的有效传感器。

通过监测室内和室外空气污染，管理工业过程，控制食品质量和协助早期开发，开发出性能卓越的高效传感器材料，以选择性，快速和灵敏地检测气体和挥发性有机化合物（VOC）对于人类健康和环境保护至关重要。诊断疾病。金属有机骨架（MOF）是由金属节点（金属离子或簇）和功能性有机配体构成的独特类型的晶体和多孔固体材料。由于它们的大表面积，可调节的孔径，可功能化的位置以及令人着迷的特性（例如电导率，磁性，铁电，发光和变色。MOF的高孔隙度使它们能够与各种分析物（包括气体和VOC）强烈相互作用，从而导致对不同理化参数的易于测量的响应。尽管基于MOF的发光传感器的最新工作已在几篇出色的评论中进行了总结（截至2018年），但仍缺少基于化学，磁性，铁电和色亚反应机理的用于感测气体和VOC的这些材料的全面概述。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了开发MOF感应和开关材料的最新进展，重点是基于电，磁，铁电和色度的感应机制。我们对这些过程中MOF与分析物之间的相互作用进行了全面的分析，它们在基于MOF的传感器和开关的传感性能中起着关键作用。我们将详细讨论基于MOF的传感和开关材料在检测氧气，水蒸气，有毒工业气体（例如硫化氢，氨，二氧化硫，一氧化二氮，二氧化碳和二硫化碳）和VOC（例如芳香族化合物）中的可能应用。脂肪族烃，酮，醇，醛，氯代烃和N，N'-二甲基甲酰胺）。总体而言，本次审查是及时的信息来源，并为高级MOF材料（如下一代气体和VOC传感器）的未来发展提供了见识。