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Chromosome painting in cultivated banana and their wild relatives (Musa spp.) reveals differences in chromosome structure
bioRxiv - Plant Biology Pub Date : 2020-08-04 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.01.232207
D Šimoníková , A Němečková , J Čížková , A Brown , R Swennen , J Doležel , E Hřibová

Edible banana cultivars are diploid, triploid or tetraploid hybrids which originated by natural cross hybridization between subspecies of diploid Musa acuminata, or between M. acuminata and diploid M. balbisiana. Participation of two other wild diploid species M. schizocarpa and M. textilis was also indicated by molecular studies. Fusion of gametes with structurally different chromosome sets may give rise to progenies with structural chromosome heterozygosity and reduced fertility due to aberrant chromosome pairing and unbalanced chromosome segregation. Only a few translocations have been classified on the genomic level so far and a comprehensive molecular cytogenetic characterization of cultivars and species of the family Musaceae is still lacking. FISH with chromosome-arm specific oligo painting probes was used for comparative karyotype analysis in a set of wild Musa species and edible banana clones. The results revealed large differences in chromosome structure discriminating individual accessions. These results permitted identification of putative progenitors of cultivated clones and clarified genomic constitution and evolution of aneuploid banana clones, which seem to be common among the polyploid banana accessions. New insights into the chromosome organization and structural chromosome changes will be a valuable asset in breeding programs, particularly in selection of appropriate parents for cross hybridization.

中文翻译:

栽培香蕉及其野生近缘种(Musa spp。)的染色体绘画揭示了染色体结构的差异

可食用的香蕉品种是二倍体,三倍体或四倍体杂种,它们是由二倍体Musa acuminata的亚种之间,或M. acuminata与二倍体M. balbisiana之间的自然交叉杂交产生的。分子研究也表明了另外两个野生二倍体物种裂果棘孢和毛霉分支杆菌的参与。配子在结构上不同的染色体组的融合可能会产生具有结构染色体杂合性的子代,并且由于异常的染色体配对和不平衡的染色体分离而导致生育力降低。迄今为止,在基因组水平上仅分类了少数易位,并且仍缺乏麝香科的栽培品种和物种的全面分子细胞遗传学表征。带有染色体臂特异寡核苷酸绘画探针的FISH被用于一组野生芭蕉科植物物种和可食用香蕉克隆的比较核型分析。结果表明,在区分个体种质的染色体结构上存在很大差异。这些结果可以鉴定出栽培克隆的假定祖细胞,并阐明了非整倍体香蕉克隆的基因组组成和进化,这在多倍体香蕉种中似乎很常见。对染色体组织和染色体结构变化的新见解将是育种计划中的宝贵资产,尤其是在选择合适的亲本进行杂交时。这些结果可以鉴定出栽培克隆的假定祖细胞,并阐明了非整倍体香蕉克隆的基因组组成和进化,这在多倍体香蕉种中似乎很常见。对染色体组织和染色体结构变化的新见解将是育种计划中的宝贵资产,尤其是在选择合适的亲本进行杂交时。这些结果可以鉴定出栽培克隆的假定祖细胞,并阐明了非整倍体香蕉克隆的基因组组成和进化,这在多倍体香蕉种中似乎很常见。对染色体组织和染色体结构变化的新见解将是育种计划中的宝贵资产,尤其是在选择合适的亲本进行杂交时。
更新日期:2020-08-05
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