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Gene-level heritability analysis explains the polygenic architecture of cancer
bioRxiv - Genetics Pub Date : 2020-08-03 , DOI: 10.1101/599753
Viola Fanfani , Luca Citi , Adrian L. Harris , Francesco Pezzella , Giovanni Stracquadanio

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with increased risk of cancer. However, the amount of heritable risk explained by these variants is limited, thus leaving most of cancer heritability unexplained. Recent studies have shown that genomic regions associated with specific biological functions explain a large proportion of the heritability of many traits. Since cancer is mostly triggered by aberrant genes function, we hypothesised that SNPs located in protein-coding genes could explain a significant proportion of cancer heritability. To perform this analysis, we developed a new method, called Bayesian Gene HERitability Analysis (BAGHERA), to estimate the heritability explained by all the genotyped SNPs and by those located in protein coding genes directly from GWAS summary statistics. By applying BAGHERA to the 38 cancers reported in the UK Biobank, we identified 1,146 genes explaining a significant amount of cancer heritability. We found these genes to be tumour suppressors directly involved in the hallmark processes controlling the transformation from normal to cancer cell; moreover, these genes also harbour somatic driver mutation for many tumours, suggesting a two-hit model underpinning tumorigenesis. Our study provides new evidence for a functional role of SNPs in cancer and identifies new targets for risk assessment and patients' stratification.

中文翻译:

基因水平的遗传力分析解释了癌症的多基因结构

全基因组关联研究(GWAS)已发现数百种单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与癌症风险增加相关。然而,这些变体解释的可遗传风险的数量是有限的,因此大部分的癌症遗传力无法解释。最近的研究表明,与特定生物学功能相关的基因组区域解释了许多性状的遗传力的很大一部分。由于癌症主要是由异常基因功能触发的,因此我们假设位于蛋白质编码基因中的SNP可以解释很大一部分癌症遗传力。为了执行此分析,我们开发了一种新方法,称为贝叶斯基因遗传性分析(BAGHERA),评估所有基因型SNP以及直接来自GWAS摘要统计数据的位于蛋白质编码基因中的SNP所解释的遗传力。通过将BAGHERA应用于UK Biobank中报告的38种癌症,我们鉴定了1146个基因,这些基因可解释大量的癌症遗传力。我们发现这些基因是肿瘤抑制因子,直接参与控制从正常细胞向癌细胞转化的标志性过程。此外,这些基因还具有许多肿瘤的体细胞驱动突变,这提示了支持肿瘤发生的两次打击模型。我们的研究为SNP在癌症中的功能性作用提供了新证据,并确定了风险评估和患者分层的新目标。146个基因解​​释了大量的癌症遗传力。我们发现这些基因是肿瘤抑制因子,直接参与控制从正常细胞向癌细胞转化的标志性过程。此外,这些基因还具有许多肿瘤的体细胞驱动突变,这提示了支持肿瘤发生的两次打击模型。我们的研究为SNP在癌症中的功能性作用提供了新证据,并确定了风险评估和患者分层的新目标。146个基因解​​释了大量的癌症遗传力。我们发现这些基因是肿瘤抑制因子,直接参与控制从正常细胞向癌细胞转化的标志性过程。此外,这些基因还具有许多肿瘤的体细胞驱动突变,这提示了支持肿瘤发生的两次打击模型。我们的研究为SNP在癌症中的功能性作用提供了新证据,并确定了风险评估和患者分层的新目标。
更新日期:2020-08-04
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