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Gamete-level immunogenetic incompatibility in humans–towards deeper understanding of fertilization and infertility?
Heredity ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-03 , DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0350-8
Annalaura Jokiniemi 1 , Liisa Kuusipalo 2 , Jarmo Ritari 3 , Satu Koskela 3 , Jukka Partanen 3 , Jukka Kekäläinen 1
Affiliation  

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) immune genes play an important role in partner selection, but it has remained unclear if nonrandom pairing with respect to parental HLA genes could occur at the level of the gametes. We tested this possibility by investigating whether the sperm fertilization competence in humans is dependent on HLA genotype combination of the partners. We conducted a full-factorial experiment, in which the sperm physiological preparation for fertilization among multiple males was studied in the presence of follicular fluid (oocyte surrounding bioactive liquid) of several females. All the studied sperm pre-fertilization physiological parameters (motility, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction, and viability) were strongly dependent on male–female combination. In other words, follicular fluids (women) that induce strong sperm physiological response in some males often induce much weaker response in the other(s). Sperm physiological responses were stronger in HLA-dissimilar male–female pairs than in HLA-similar combinations, but none of the measured sperm traits were associated with genome-wide similarity. Together, these findings shed new light on the evolutionary and immunological mechanisms of fertilization. Furthermore, our results raise an intriguing possibility that against currently prevailing WHO’s definition, infertility may not represent exclusively a pathological condition, but may also result from immunogenetic incompatibility of the gametes.

中文翻译:

人类配子水平的免疫遗传不相容性——更深入地了解受精和不育?

人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 免疫基因在伴侣选择中发挥重要作用,但关于亲本 HLA 基因的非随机配对是否可能发生在配子水平仍不清楚。我们通过调查人类精子受精能力是否依赖于伴侣的 HLA 基因型组合来测试这种可能性。我们进行了一项全因子实验,其中在几名女性的卵泡液(卵母细胞周围的生物活性液体)存在的情况下,研究了多名男性受精的精子生理准备。所有研究的精子受精前生理参数(运动性、过度活化、顶体反应和活力)都强烈依赖于男性 - 女性组合。换句话说,卵泡液(女性)在一些男性中引起强烈的精子生理反应,而在其他男性中引起的反应要弱得多。与 HLA 相似的组合相比,HLA 不同的男性-女性对的精子生理反应更强,但没有一个测量的精子性状与全基因组相似性相关。总之,这些发现为受精的进化和免疫机制提供了新的线索。此外,我们的结果提出了一个有趣的可能性,即与目前流行的 WHO 定义相反,不孕症可能不仅仅代表一种病理状况,也可能是由配子的免疫遗传不相容性引起的。与 HLA 相似的组合相比,HLA 不同的男性-女性对的精子生理反应更强,但没有一个测量的精子性状与全基因组相似性相关。总之,这些发现为受精的进化和免疫机制提供了新的线索。此外,我们的结果提出了一个有趣的可能性,即与目前流行的 WHO 定义相反,不孕症可能不仅仅代表一种病理状况,也可能是由配子的免疫遗传不相容性引起的。与 HLA 相似的组合相比,HLA 不同的男性-女性对的精子生理反应更强,但没有一个测量的精子性状与全基因组相似性相关。总之,这些发现为受精的进化和免疫机制提供了新的线索。此外,我们的结果提出了一个有趣的可能性,即与目前流行的 WHO 定义相反,不孕症可能不仅仅代表一种病理状况,也可能是由配子的免疫遗传不相容性引起的。
更新日期:2020-08-03
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