To improve the understanding of wheel/rail contact behaviour and damage mechanisms in turnouts, the 3D explicit finite element model of a wheelset rolling over a switch is introduced. This takes into account the arbitrary geometrical profile of the wheel-rail system, the relative motion between switch/stock rail, the nonlinear materials and actual moving postures of the wheelset. Precise frictional rolling contact solutions and dynamic response, including contact stress, surface shear stress, microslip, roll angle and lateral displacement, are all studied to obtain a better understanding of the wheel-rail frictional rolling contact behaviour in the switch panel. The simulated results are then verified through field tests on the Qingdao-Jinan line. The results indicate that the proposed explicit finite element method can be an efficient tool for solving the problems of frictional rolling contact behaviour and damage mechanism in switch panels.

为了提高对道岔中轮轨接触行为和损坏机制的理解，引入了轮对在道岔上滚动的 3D 显式有限元模型。这考虑了轮轨系统的任意几何轮廓、开关/原轨之间的相对运动、非线性材料和轮对的实际移动姿态。精确的摩擦滚动接触解决方案和动态响应，包括接触应力、表面剪切应力、微滑、滚动角和横向位移，都被研究以更好地了解开关面板中的轮轨摩擦滚动接触行为。然后通过青岛-济南线的现场试验验证模拟结果。