ABSTRACT

Over a lifetime of experience, the representation of the body is built upon congruent integration of multiple elements constituting the sensorimotor loop. To investigate its robustness against the rupture of congruency between senses and with motor command, we selectively manipulated in healthy subjects the binds between sight, proprioception, and efferent motor command. Two experiments based on the Moving Hand Illusion were designed employing Tendon Vibration Illusion to modulate proprioception and generate illusory altered feedback of movement. In Experiment A, visuomotor congruency was modulated by introducing adelay between complex multifingered movements performed by arobotic hand and real movement of each participant's hand. In the presence of the motor command, visuomotor congruency enhanced ownership, agency, and skin conductance, while proprioceptive-motor congruency was not effective, confirming the prevalence of vision upon proprioception. In Experiment B, the impact of visuo-proprioceptive congruency was tested in the absence of motor command because the robotic hand moved autonomously. Intersensory congruency compensated for the absence of motor command only for ownership. Skin conductance in Exp Band Proprioceptive Drift in both experiments did not change. Results suggest that ownership and agency are independently processed, and presence of the efferent component modulates sensory feedbacks salience. The brain seems to require the integration of at least two streams of congruent information. Bodily awareness can be generated from sensory information alone, but to feel in charge of the body, senses must be double-checked with the prediction generated from efference copy, which is treated as an additional sensory modality.

摘要

在一生的经验中，身体的表现是建立在构成感觉运动回路的多个元素的一致整合之上的。为了研究它对感觉和运动命令之间一致性破裂的鲁棒性，我们选择性地在健康受试者中操纵视觉、本体感觉和传出运动命令之间的绑定。设计了两个基于移动手错觉的实验，使用肌腱振动错觉来调节本体感觉并产生运动的错觉改变反馈。在实验 A 中，通过在机器人手执行的复杂多指运动和每个参与者手的实际运动之间引入延迟来调节视觉运动一致性。在运动指令存在的情况下，视觉运动一致性增强了所有权、代理和皮肤电导，虽然本体感觉 - 运动一致性无效，但证实了本体感觉时视力的普遍性。在实验 B 中，由于机械手自主移动，因此在没有运动指令的情况下测试了视觉本体一致性的影响。感觉一致性补偿了仅对所有权缺乏运动命令的情况。在两个实验中，Exp Band Proprioceptive Drift 中的皮肤电导没有改变。结果表明所有权和代理是独立处理的，并且传出组件的存在调节感觉反馈的显着性。大脑似乎需要整合至少两个一致的信息流。身体意识可以仅从感官信息中产生，但要感觉对身体负责，