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Shared Cell Biological Functions May Underlie Pleiotropy of Molecular Interactions in the Germ Lines and Nervous Systems of Animals
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00215
Arpita Kulkarni , Davys H. Lopez , Cassandra G. Extavour

Evolutionary developmental biology focuses on understanding the origin and evolution of extant biological variation, and the genetic basis for this variation. The genetic toolkit appears largely finite across animals, such that a combination of regulatory evolution, gene recruitment (co-option) and genetic modularity often allow morphological and developmental diversity to arise. Here we summarize a number of observations from across animals, which together suggest that many genes and gene product interaction “modules” originally characterized for their role in the germ line also have neural roles. We explore potential explanations for this observation, noting that in the context of the germ line, these genes appear to have molecular and biochemical properties that make them well-suited to breaking symmetry within cells. The resulting asymmetry is often caused by gene products co-localizing asymmetrically to sub-cellular, non-membrane bound, electron dense compartments known as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. RNP granules contain high concentrations of translationally quiescent messenger RNAs and proteins and are thought to act as hubs of localized translational control. We propose that the use of strict translational control, which may be achieved via molecular processes important for RNP granule formation and/or small RNA-related processes, is an important property of and a commonality between the germ line and nervous tissues, and helps explain, at least in part, the close relationship between these two tissue types.

中文翻译:

共享的细胞生物学功能可能是动物生殖系和神经系统中分子相互作用的多效性的基础

进化发育生物学侧重于了解现存生物变异的起源和进化,以及这种变异的遗传基础。遗传工具包在动物中似乎基本上是有限的,因此调节进化、基因募集(共同选择)和遗传模块性的组合通常允许出现形态和发育多样性。在这里,我们总结了来自动物的许多观察结果,它们共同表明许多基因和基因产物相互作用“模块”最初以其在生殖系中的作用为特征,也具有神经作用。我们探索了对这一观察结果的潜在解释,并注意到在生殖系的背景下,这些基因似乎具有分子和生化特性,使它们非常适合打破细胞内的对称性。由此产生的不对称性通常是由基因产物不对称地共定位到亚细胞、非膜结合、电子密集区室(称为核糖核蛋白 (RNP) 颗粒)引起的。RNP 颗粒含有高浓度的翻译静止信使 RNA 和蛋白质,被认为是局部翻译控制的枢纽。我们建议使用严格的翻译控制,这可以通过对 RNP 颗粒形成和/或小 RNA 相关过程很重要的分子过程实现,是生殖系和神经组织的重要特性和共性,并有助于解释,至少部分是这两种组织类型之间的密切关系。称为核糖核蛋白 (RNP) 颗粒的电子致密区室。RNP 颗粒含有高浓度的翻译静止信使 RNA 和蛋白质,被认为是局部翻译控制的枢纽。我们建议使用严格的翻译控制,这可以通过对 RNP 颗粒形成和/或小 RNA 相关过程很重要的分子过程实现,是生殖系和神经组织的重要特性和共性,并有助于解释,至少部分是这两种组织类型之间的密切关系。称为核糖核蛋白 (RNP) 颗粒的电子致密区室。RNP 颗粒含有高浓度的翻译静止信使 RNA 和蛋白质,被认为是局部翻译控制的枢纽。我们建议使用严格的翻译控制,这可以通过对 RNP 颗粒形成和/或小 RNA 相关过程很重要的分子过程实现,是生殖系和神经组织的重要特性和共性,并有助于解释,至少部分是这两种组织类型之间的密切关系。
更新日期:2020-08-04
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