Research on biologically active compounds has been increased in order to improve plant protection against various environmental stresses. Among natural sources, plants are the fundamental material for studying these bioactive compounds as their immune system consists of many peptides, proteins, and hormones. Osmotin is a multifunctional stress-responsive protein belonging to pathogenesis-related 5 (PR-5) defense-related protein family, which is involved in inducing osmo-tolerance in plants. In this scenario, the accumulation of osmotin initiates abiotic and biotic signal transductions. These proteins work as antifungal agents against a broad range of fungal species by increasing plasma membrane permeability and dissipating the membrane potential of infecting fungi. Therefore, overexpression of tobacco osmotin protein in transgenic plants protects them from different stresses by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, limiting lipid peroxidation, initiating programmed cell death (PCD), and increasing proline content and scavenging enzyme activity. Other than osmotin, its homologous proteins, osmotin-like proteins (OLPs), also have dual function in plant defense against osmotic stress and have strong antifungal activity.

中文翻译：

---

渗透蛋白：一种阳离子蛋白可改善植物的生物和非生物胁迫耐受性。

为了改善植物对各种环境胁迫的保护，已经增加了对生物活性化合物的研究。在自然资源中，植物是研究这些生物活性化合物的基本材料，因为它们的免疫系统由许多肽，蛋白质和激素组成。Osmotin是一种多功能的应激反应蛋白，属于发病相关5（PR-5）防御相关蛋白家族，其参与诱导植物的耐渗透性。在这种情况下，渗透素的积累引发了非生物和生物信号转导。这些蛋白通过增加质膜的渗透性和消散感染真菌的膜电位，从而作为抗真菌剂，针对各种真菌。因此，转基因植物中烟草渗透蛋白的过度表达可通过减少活性氧（ROS）的产生，限制脂质过氧化，启动程序性细胞死亡（PCD）以及增加脯氨酸的含量和清除酶的活性来保护它们免受不同的胁迫。除渗透素外，它的同源蛋白渗透素样蛋白（OLPs）在植物防御渗透胁迫中也具有双重功能，并具有很强的抗真菌活性。