Precision medicine incorporates patient‐level covariates to tailor treatment decisions, seeking to improve outcomes. In longitudinal studies with time‐varying covariates and sequential treatment decisions, precision medicine can be formalized with dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs): sequences of covariate‐dependent treatment rules. To date, the precision medicine literature has not addressed a ubiquitous concern in health research—measurement error—where observed data deviate from the truth. We discuss the consequences of ignoring measurement error in the context of DTRs, focusing on challenges unique to precision medicine. We show—through simulation and theoretical results—that relatively simple measurement error correction techniques can lead to substantial improvements over uncorrected analyses, and apply these findings to the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression study.

中文翻译：

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测量误差和精密医学：动态治疗方案中容易出错的剪裁协变量。

精密医学结合了患者水平的协变量来调整治疗决策，以改善疗效。在具有时变协变量和顺序治疗决策的纵向研究中，可以通过动态治疗方案（DTR）来规范精准医学：动态治疗方案的序列取决于协变量。迄今为止，精密医学文献还没有解决健康研究中普遍存在的问题-测量误差，在这种情况下，观察到的数据偏离了事实。我们将讨论忽略DTR情况下的测量误差的后果，重点关注精密医学所特有的挑战。通过仿真和理论结果，我们表明，相对简单的测量误差校正技术可以大大改善未校正的分析，