Ion and water transfer in subnanometer‐sized confined channels of hydrophilic microporous polymer membranes show enormous potential in tackling the ubiquitous trade‐off between permeability and selectivity for energy and environment‐related membrane technologies. To this end, a variety of hydrophilic polymers of intrinsic microporosity (HPIMs) have been developed. Herein, the synthetic strategies toward HPIMs are summarized, including post‐synthetic modification of polymers to introduce polar groups (e. g., amines, hydroxy groups, carboxylic acids, tetrazoles) or charged moieties (e. g., quaternary ammonium salts, sulfonic acids), and the polymerization of hydrophilic monomers. The advantages of HPIM membranes over others when employed in energy conversion and storage, acid gas capture and separation, ionic diodes, and ultrafiltration, are highlighted.

中文翻译：

---

亲水性微孔聚合物膜：合成与应用。

亲水性微孔聚合物膜的亚纳米尺寸密闭通道中的离子和水转移显示出巨大的潜力，可以解决能源和环境相关膜技术在渗透率和选择性之间的普遍权衡。为此，已经开发了多种具有固有微孔性的亲水性聚合物（HPIM）。本文总结了针对HPIM的合成策略，包括聚合物的合成后改性，以引入极性基团（例如胺，羟基，羧酸，四唑）或带电部分（例如季铵盐，磺酸），以及亲水性单体的聚合。HPIM膜在能量转换和存储，酸性气体捕获和分离，离子二极管和超滤方面的优势，优于其他膜。