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Trace-fossil suites and composite ichnofabrics from meandering fluvial systems: The Oligocene Lower Freshwater Molasse of Switzerland
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109944
Luis A. Buatois , Andreas Wetzel , M. Gabriela Mángano

Abstract The Oligocene Lower Freshwater Molasse of Switzerland is host to spectacular outcrops of fluvial deposits. In distal areas of the Swiss Molasse Basin, deposits of a north-eastward draining meandering system are exposed. Combined sedimentologic and ichnologic observations in the Chli Sunnhalde and Roggwil quarries allow an improved understanding of animal-substrate interactions in deposits of meandering fluvial systems. Strata include meander-belt sandstone, levee sandstone and mudstone, crevasse-channel and splay sandstone, floodplain mudstone and sandstone, and paleosols. While the meander belt and the more proximal crevasse-channel deposits are typically unbioturbated, the more distal deposits show a clear biogenic overprint, with distal crevasse-channel, crevasse-splay, and floodplain deposits being intensely bioturbated. Simple grazing and locomotion trails (included in the Cochlichnus anguineus-Helminthoidichnites tenuis suite) were formed subaqueously in ponded areas of the floodplain. Meniscate burrows (Taenidium isp. suite) and root trace fossils occur along the margin of these floodplain water-bodies and at the top of crevasse-splay deposits. Some of the floodplain, crevasse-splay, and crevasse-channel deposits are pervasively bioturbated by crayfish burrows (Camborygma litonomos suite). Crevasse-splay deposits locally host escape trace fossils. Where cross-cutting relationships are apparent, a colonization sequence can be established as follows: the Cochlichnus anguineus-Helminthoidichnites tenuis suite is cross-cut by the Taenidium isp. suite, which in turn is cross-cut by the Camborygma litonomos suite and root trace fossils. Composite ichnofabrics are common in these meandering river deposits, recording progressive lowering of the water table in overbank subenvironments. Frequency of depositional events was a first-order control on degree of bioturbation. Position of the water table and degree of substrate consolidation exerted considerable influence over the types of trace fossils produced. Distinct bioturbation phases may result in the formation of different trace-fossil suites - representative of disparate ichnofacies - preserved on a single bedding plane. This study further supports the notion that meandering fluvial systems are characterized by trace-fossil suites belonging to the Scoyenia, Camborygma and/or Mermia ichnofacies.

中文翻译:

来自蜿蜒河流系统的微量化石套件和复合涂层织物:瑞士渐新世下游淡水糖蜜

摘要 瑞士渐新世下游淡水糖蜜拥有壮观的河流沉积物露头。在瑞士 Molasse 盆地的远端地区,暴露了向东北排水的蜿蜒系统的沉积物。Chli Sunnhalde 和 Roggwil 采石场的沉积学和地质学观察相结合,可以更好地了解蜿蜒河流系统沉积物中的动物-基质相互作用。地层包括曲流带砂岩、堤防砂岩和泥岩、裂隙河道和扇形砂岩、漫滩泥岩和砂岩以及古土壤。虽然曲流带和更近端的裂隙河道沉积物通常没有受到生物扰动,但较远的沉积物显示出明显的生物成因叠加,远端裂隙河道、裂隙张开和漫滩沉积物受到强烈的生物扰动。简单的放牧和运动路径(包括在 Cochlichnus anguineus-Helminthoidichnites tenuis 套件中)形成于水下泛滥平原的积水区。半月形洞穴 (Taenidium isp.suite) 和根系痕迹化石出现在这些洪泛平原水体的边缘和裂隙展开沉积物的顶部。一些洪泛区、裂隙张开和裂隙河道沉积物普遍受到小龙虾洞穴(Camborygma litonomos suite)的生物扰动。Crevasse-splay 沉积物在当地拥有逃逸痕迹化石。在横切关系很明显的地方,可以如下建立定殖序列:Cochlichnus anguineus-Helminthoidichnites tenuis 套件被带绦虫横切。套件,反过来又被 Camborygma litonomos 套件和根痕迹化石横切。复合涂层织物在这些蜿蜒的河流沉积物中很常见,记录了河岸亚环境中地下水位的逐渐降低。沉积事件的频率是对生物扰动程度的一级控制。地下水位的位置和基质固结程度对产生的痕量化石的类型产生了相当大的影响。不同的生物扰动阶段可能会导致形成不同的微量化石套件 - 代表不同的地相 - 保存在单个层理平面上。这项研究进一步支持了这样一种观点,即蜿蜒的河流系统的特征是属于 Scoyenia、Camborygma 和/或 Mermia 地相的微量化石组。沉积事件的频率是对生物扰动程度的一级控制。地下水位的位置和基质固结程度对产生的痕量化石的类型产生了相当大的影响。不同的生物扰动阶段可能会导致形成不同的微量化石套件 - 代表不同的地相 - 保存在单个层理平面上。这项研究进一步支持了这样一种观点,即蜿蜒的河流系统的特征是属于 Scoyenia、Camborygma 和/或 Mermia 地相的微量化石组。沉积事件的频率是对生物扰动程度的一级控制。地下水位的位置和基质固结程度对产生的痕量化石的类型产生了相当大的影响。不同的生物扰动阶段可能会导致形成不同的微量化石套件 - 代表不同的地相 - 保存在单个层理平面上。这项研究进一步支持了这样一种观点,即蜿蜒的河流系统的特征是属于 Scoyenia、Camborygma 和/或 Mermia 地相的微量化石组。不同的生物扰动阶段可能会导致形成不同的微量化石套件 - 代表不同的地相 - 保存在单个层理平面上。这项研究进一步支持了这样一种观点,即蜿蜒的河流系统的特征是属于 Scoyenia、Camborygma 和/或 Mermia 地相的微量化石组。不同的生物扰动阶段可能会导致形成不同的微量化石套件 - 代表不同的地相 - 保存在单个层理平面上。这项研究进一步支持了这样一种观点,即蜿蜒的河流系统的特征是属于 Scoyenia、Camborygma 和/或 Mermia 地相的微量化石组。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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