Abstract Acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned mines cause environmental harm and requires cost-effective, passive remediation techniques. Mining activities expose mineral surfaces to oxidation, which accelerates the release and mobilization of acidity, sulfate, and metal ions in AMD. Sulfate-reducing bioreactors (SRBRs) are an attractive means to treat AMD by reducing sulfate, increasing pH, and precipitating metals as metal sulfides. Twelve SRBRs were constructed and operated for 12 months to evaluate AMD bioremediation performance as a function of carbon source and inoculum. Several locally-sourced waste organic materials were characterized by carbon fractionation; two mixtures with the same carbon profile but originating from different sources were used as organic substrates. Microbial communities from two different soil types were used to inoculate the bioreactors. The use of cow manure, corncob, and pinewood as the carbon source and soil from a local pond shore as the inoculum resulted in the greatest bioremediation efficiency, with a pH increase from 2.85 to 6.80 and removals of >82% for total Fe2+, >86% for Cu2+, >88% for Zn2+, and >65% for SO42-. The source of inoculum was found to impact bioremediation startup, with sulfate reduction observed 20 days earlier in high-performing inocula. The carbon source was found to impact long-term bioremediation efficiency, with 24% more SO42− and 38% more Fe2+ removed by the best performing carbon sources. Altogether, the combination of manure as a carbon source and marina soil as an inoculum resulted in the highest bioremediation efficiency. The high metal and sulfate removals combined with pH increases to near neutral, validate the use of SRBRs as an effective method for long-term AMD bioremediation.

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有机碳和微生物菌剂对酸性矿山排水生物修复的评价

摘要 废弃矿山的酸性矿山排水 (AMD) 会造成环境危害，需要具有成本效益的被动修复技术。采矿活动使矿物表面暴露于氧化，这加速了酸性物质、硫酸盐和金属离子在 AMD 中的释放和迁移。硫酸盐还原生物反应器 (SRBR) 是一种有吸引力的治疗 AMD 的方法，通过减少硫酸盐、提高 pH 值和将金属沉淀为金属硫化物。建造了 12 个 SRBR 并运行了 12 个月，以评估 AMD 生物修复性能作为碳源和接种物的函数。几种本地来源的有机废弃材料的特点是碳分馏；具有相同碳分布但来自不同来源的两种混合物被用作有机底物。来自两种不同土壤类型的微生物群落用于接种生物反应器。使用牛粪、玉米芯和松木作为碳源，使用当地池塘岸边的土壤作为接种物，生物修复效率最高，pH 从 2.85 增加到 6.80，总 Fe2+ 去除率 >82%，> Cu2+ 为 86%，Zn2+ 为 >88%，SO42- 为 >65%。发现接种物的来源会影响生物修复的启动，20 天前在高性能接种物中观察到硫酸盐还原。发现碳源会影响长期生物修复效率，性能最好的碳源去除了 24% 的 SO42− 和 38% 的 Fe2+。总之，粪便作为碳源和滨海土壤作为接种物的组合导致最高的生物修复效率。