Abstract Phase-out, impending ban, and developing insect resistance to the commonly used insecticides for stored grains pose serious challenges to the scientific community and it is imperative to develop effective pest management strategies. Identification and testing of new compounds are potential options to deal with the growing threat. Ethylenesulphonyl fluoride (ESF), a new synthetic compound, is one of the most promising alternative fumigant insecticides that can be used to control the insect pests in stored-grains. However, limited evidence is available to support its efficacy to control the stored-product psocids. This study evaluates the ESF as a prospective control reagent to exterminate different life stages of the psocids Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel and L. entomophila (Enderlein). We conducted a 4 h toxicity trials and 12 h simulated efficacy trials with adults of the two species in wheat. Adults and nymphs were highly susceptible to ESF. Complete adult and nymph mortality (LD99) was also recorded at dosages ranged from 1.97 μL/L to 3.80 μL/L. Moreover, complete (LD99) egg mortality was recorded at dosages between 3.59 μL/L and 7.60 μL/L. Remarkably, the mortality of adults decreased with increasing depth of the grain bulk. Our study establishes ESF as a potential reagent that can be used effectively to control a variety of commonly known stored grain psocids.

中文翻译：

---

乙烯磺酰氟对贮藏谷物 psocids、Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel 和 Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) 的功效

摘要 淘汰、即将禁用以及对常用的贮粮杀虫剂产生抗药性对科学界提出了严峻的挑战，制定有效的害虫管理策略势在必行。识别和测试新化合物是应对日益增长的威胁的潜在选择。乙磺酰氟（ESF）是一种新型合成化合物，是最有前景的替代熏蒸杀虫剂之一，可用于控制储粮中的害虫。然而，有限的证据支持其控制储存产品 psocids 的功效。本研究将 ESF 作为一种前瞻性对照试剂进行评估，以消灭 psocids Bostrychophila Badonnel 和 L. entomophila (Enderlein) 的不同生命阶段。我们在小麦中对这两个物种的成虫进行了 4 小时毒性试验和 12 小时模拟功效试验。成虫和若虫对 ESF 高度敏感。在 1.97 μL/L 至 3.80 μL/L 的剂量范围内也记录了完全成虫和若虫死亡率 (LD99)。此外，在 3.59 μL/L 和 7.60 μL/L 之间的剂量下记录了完全 (LD99) 鸡蛋死亡率。值得注意的是，成年人的死亡率随着谷物体积的增加而降低。我们的研究将 ESF 确立为一种潜在的试剂，可以有效地用于控制各种常见的储存谷物 psocid。在 3.59 μL/L 和 7.60 μL/L 之间的剂量下记录了完全 (LD99) 卵死亡率。值得注意的是，成年人的死亡率随着谷物体积的增加而降低。我们的研究将 ESF 确立为一种潜在的试剂，可以有效地用于控制各种常见的储存谷物 psocid。在 3.59 μL/L 和 7.60 μL/L 之间的剂量下记录了完全 (LD99) 卵死亡率。值得注意的是，成年人的死亡率随着谷物体积的增加而降低。我们的研究将 ESF 确立为一种潜在的试剂，可以有效地用于控制各种常见的储存谷物 psocid。