Abstract Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can be an effective spatial approach to conservation, especially when they involve genuine consultation that considers the diversity of stakeholders. Participatory mapping and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 52 stakeholders and 22 managers and scientists to identify ecological priorities and concerns across a large temperate MPA in Port Stephens-Great Lakes Marine Park, Australia. There were 19 iconic species of fish, dolphins, whales, and sea turtles that were the focus of ecological priorities and stakeholder interactions with the marine environment. Effectiveness of the current MPA management plan for addressing stakeholder priority and concerns, was assessed using GIS spatial modelling that created fuzzy-set species distribution models (SDMs) based on Traditional and Local Ecological Knowledge as well as scientific and citizen-science survey data. These spatial models for the iconic species across the MPA were then overlaid with ecological concerns of the stakeholders to create a spatial understanding of local threats, and priority areas for targeted management. Poor water quality from terrestrial primary sources was the main concern of stakeholders, more so than in-water threats such as poor fishing practices or impacts to iconic species. While local managers and scientists were relatively reluctant to answer interview questions, there was a general misalignment in approaches to iconic species management, especially for mobile and migratory species, and misunderstanding of stakeholder perceptions of threats. Participatory mapping of social-ecological values provides a method for stakeholders and decision-makers to better understand, discuss, and adapt marine spatial management approaches that support a diversity of conservation and management priorities.

中文翻译：

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利用标志性海洋物种和生态系统威胁的传统和地方生态知识确定空间保护优先事项

摘要 海洋保护区 (MPA) 是一种有效的空间保护方法，尤其是当它们涉及考虑利益相关者多样性的真正协商时。对 52 名利益相关者和 22 名管理人员和科学家进行了参与式制图和半结构化访谈，以确定澳大利亚斯蒂芬斯港 - 大湖海洋公园大型温带海洋保护区的生态优先事项和关注点。有 19 种标志性鱼类、海豚、鲸鱼和海龟是生态优先事项和利益相关者与海洋环境互动的重点。当前 MPA 管理计划在解决利益相关者优先事项和关注点方面的有效性，使用基于传统和地方生态知识以及科学和公民科学调查数据创建模糊集物种分布模型 (SDM) 的 GIS 空间模型进行了评估。然后将这些 MPA 标志性物种的空间模型与利益相关者的生态问题叠加，以创建对当地威胁的空间理解，以及有针对性的管理优先领域。来自陆地主要来源的水质差是利益相关者的主要关注点，而不是诸如不良捕鱼方法或对标志性物种的影响等水中威胁。虽然当地管理人员和科学家相对不愿意回答采访问题，但标志性物种管理方法普遍存在偏差，特别是对于流动和迁徙物种，以及对利益相关者对威胁的看法的误解。社会生态价值的参与式制图为利益相关者和决策者提供了一种方法，可以更好地理解、讨论和调整支持各种保护和管理优先事项的海洋空间管理方法。