The aging immune system (immunosenescence) has been implicated with increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Of note, T cell aging and low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) are implicated with several age-related conditions. The expansion of late-differentiated T cells (CD28⁻), regulatory T cells, increased serum levels of autoantibodies, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were implicated with morbidities during aging. Features of accelerated immunosenescence can be identified in adults with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and are predictive of poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, there is an interplay between immunosenescence and age-related diseases. In this review, we discuss how the aging immune system may contribute to the development and clinical course of age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.

老化的免疫系统（免疫衰老）与老年人发病率和死亡率的增加有关。值得注意的是，T 细胞老化和低度炎症（炎症）与几种与年龄相关的疾病有关。晚期分化 T 细胞 (CD28 ^-)、调节性 T 细胞、血清自身抗体水平升高和促炎细胞因子与衰老过程中的发病率有关。加速免疫衰老的特征可以在患有慢性炎症性疾病（如类风湿性关节炎）的成年人中发现，并预示着不良的临床结果。因此，免疫衰老与年龄相关疾病之间存在相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了老化的免疫系统如何促进与年龄相关的疾病的发展和临床过程，如神经退行性疾病、类风湿性关节炎、癌症、心血管和代谢疾病。