Diabetes, the most common endocrine disorder, also known as a silent killer disease, is characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia. According to the International Diabetes Federation, there were 451 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide in 2017. It is a multifactorial syndrome caused by genetic as well as environmental factors. Noncoding RNAs, especially the miRNAs, play a significant role in the development as well as the progression of the disease. This is on account of insulin resistance or defects in β cell function. Various miRNAs including miR-7, miR-9, miR-16, miR-27, miR-24, miR-29, miR-124a, miR-135, miR-130a, miR-144, miR-181a, and miR-375 and many more have been associated with insulin resistance and other pathogenic conditions leading to the development of the disease. These miRNAs play significant roles in various pathways underlying insulin resistance such as PI3K, AKT/GSK, and mTOR. The main target genes of these miRNAs are FOXO1, FOXA2, STAT3, and PTEN. The miRNAs carry out important functions in insulin target tissues like the adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. MiRNAs miR-9, miR-375, and miR-124a, are also associated with the secretion of insulin from pancreatic cells. There is an interplay between the miRNAs and pancreatic cell growth, especially the miRNAs affecting development and proliferation of these cells. Most of the miRNAs target more than one gene which not only justifies their use as biomarkers but also their therapeutic potential. The current review has been compiled with an aim to discuss the role of various miRNAs involved in various pathogenic mechanisms including insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and the β cell dysfunction.

糖尿病是最常见的内分泌疾病，也称为无声杀手疾病，其特征是不受控制的高血糖症。根据国际糖尿病联合会的数据，2017年全球有4.51亿糖尿病患者。这是一种由遗传因素和环境因素引起的多因素综合症。非编码RNA，尤其是miRNA，在疾病的发展和进程中起重要作用。这是由于胰岛素抵抗或β细胞功能缺陷。各种miRNA，包括miR-7，miR-9，miR-16，miR-27，miR-24，miR-29，miR-124a，miR-135，miR-130a，miR-144，miR-181a和miR- 375以及更多与胰岛素抵抗和其他致病性疾病相关的疾病导致这种疾病的发展。这些miRNA在基础胰岛素抵抗的各种途径（例如PI3K，AKT / GSK和mTOR）中发挥重要作用。这些miRNA的主要靶基因是FOXO1，FOXA2，STAT3和PTEN。miRNA在胰岛素靶组织（如脂肪组织，肝脏和肌肉）中发挥重要作用。miRNA miR-9，miR-375和miR-124a也与胰腺细胞分泌胰岛素有关。miRNA与胰腺细胞生长之间存在相互作用，尤其是影响这些细胞发育和增殖的miRNA。大多数miRNA靶向多个基因，这不仅证明其可用作生物标记物，而且具有治疗潜力。目前的综述旨在讨论各种miRNA在各种致病机制（包括胰岛素抵抗，