This Research Reflection collects current knowledge on the effects of heat stress in dairy calves. Chapters cover the concept of foetal programming, animal-based and environmental indicators of heat stress in the postnatal period, and methods of heat stress abatement. Conclusions for further research about economic efficiency, research methodology and an integrated approach of pre- and postnatal heat stress are also proposed.

中文翻译：

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奶牛从出生到断奶的热应激

本研究反思收集了有关热应激对奶牛犊影响的最新知识。章节涵盖胎儿编程的概念、产后热应激的动物和环境指标，以及减轻热应激的方法。还提出了进一步研究产前和产后热应激的经济效益、研究方法和综合方法的结论。