A better understanding of the interactions between dietary phenolic compounds and the epigenetics of inflammation may impact pathological conditions and their treatment. Phenolic compounds are well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer properties, with potential benefits in the treatment of various human diseases. Emerging studies bring evidence that nutrition may play an essential role in immune system modulation also by altering gene expression. This review discusses epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification, and non-coding microRNA activity that regulate the gene expression of molecules involved in inflammatory processes. Special attention is paid to the molecular basis of NF-κB modulation by dietary phenolic compounds. The regulation of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase activity, which all influence NF-κB signaling, seems to be a crucial mechanism of the epigenetic control of inflammation by phenolic compounds. Moreover, chronic inflammatory processes are reported to be closely connected to the major stages of carcinogenesis and other non-communicable diseases. Therefore, dietary phenolic compounds-targeted epigenetics is becoming an attractive approach for disease prevention and intervention.

中文翻译：

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饮食中酚类化合物在涉及炎症过程的表观遗传调控中的作用。

对饮食中酚类化合物与炎症的表观遗传学之间相互作用的更好理解可能会影响病理状况及其治疗。酚类化合物以其抗氧化，抗炎，抗血管生成和抗癌特性而闻名，在治疗各种人类疾病方面具有潜在优势。新兴研究表明，营养也可能通过改变基因表达而在免疫系统调节中发挥重要作用。这篇综述讨论了表观遗传机制，例如DNA甲基化，翻译后组蛋白修饰和非编码microRNA活性，它们调节了炎症过程中涉及的分子的基因表达。特别注意膳食酚类化合物调节NF-κB的分子基础。均影响NF-κB信号传导的组蛋白乙酰转移酶和组蛋白脱乙酰酶活性的调节似乎是酚类化合物对炎症进行表观遗传控制的关键机制。此外，据报道，慢性炎症过程与致癌和其他非传染性疾病的主要阶段密切相关。因此，以饮食酚类化合物为目标的表观遗传学正成为疾病预防和干预的一种有吸引力的方法。