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Predation front on an environmental gradient
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-03 , DOI: 10.1002/fee.2239
Ricardo A Scrosati 1
Affiliation  

This picture shows a predation front of dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus ) moving from middle to high intertidal elevations as they consume their prey, barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides ). On this coast in Atlantic Canada, millions of barnacle recruits appear on the intertidal substrate every spring. Dogwhelks soon begin to feed on the recruits, especially as barnacles exhibit active growth in summer. Dogwhelk predation occurs mostly at low and middle elevations, as abiotic stress (heat and desiccation) during low tides is strong at high elevations. At these times, the dogwhelks are distributed roughly at random. In the autumn, however, dense dogwhelk fronts can be seen moving toward high elevations, actively consuming the many barnacles that remain alive there. What triggers such fronts? What are the main drivers – the decreasing abiotic stress in autumn and the need to store energy before winter? Would unexpected switches from heat to cold stress in the autumn or adequate food acquired during the summer prevent such fronts from arising?

Formation of consumer fronts has traditionally been related to spatial food patterns, but the interaction with environmental conditions remains unclear. Also, as barnacle mating (which occurs in the autumn) requires nearby compatible partners, autumn environmental conditions and summer food supply for dogwhelks might ultimately influence barnacle reproduction, depending on the number of barnacles that survive dogwhelk predation at high elevations. Finally, what are the consequences of fronts for the dogwhelks? Do they intensify intraspecific competition and trait selection through an increased local density? This intertidal system seems especially suitable to advance these broad questions on predator–prey ecology.

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中文翻译:

在环境梯度上的捕食锋

这张照片显示了w虫(Nucella lapillus)在捕食被捕食的藤壶(Semibalanus balanoides)时从中高潮间移动到高潮间的捕食锋面。)。在加拿大大西洋的这个海岸,每年春季,潮间带基底上都会出现数以百万计的藤壶新兵。独行侠很快就开始以新兵为食,特别是由于藤壶在夏季表现出活跃的生长。Dogwhelk捕食主要发生在低海拔和中海拔,因为在高海拔低潮时的非生物胁迫(高温和干燥)很强。在这些时候,狗窝大概是随机分布的。但是,在秋天,可以看到密集的狗窝前沿正向高海拔移动,从而活跃地消耗了许多活着的藤壶。是什么触发了这些战线?主要驱动力是什么–秋季非生物胁迫的减少以及冬季之前储能的需求?秋季从热到冷的压力的意外转变或夏天获得的充足食物是否可以防止这种情况发生?

传统上,消费者阵线的形成与空间食物模式有关,但与环境条件的相互作用仍不清楚。另外,由于藤壶交配(发生在秋季)需要附近的兼容伙伴,秋季环境条件和夏季为dog鱼提供的食物最终可能会影响藤壶繁殖,这取决于在高海拔条件下能承受dog藤捕食的藤壶数量。最后,战线对强国的后果是什么?它们是否通过增加局部密度来加剧种内竞争和性状选择?这种潮间带系统似乎特别适合提出关于捕食者-猎物生态学的广泛问题。

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更新日期:2020-08-03
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