Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have been widely applied in biomedical fields, such as imaging, diagnosis and drug delivery. Since the complex, non‐equilibrated and dynamic nature of biological systems inevitably affect the predesigned properties of CPDs, then efficiency and ultimate outcome of CPDs in biological identity will be transformed by the ubiquitous nano‐bio interactions. Herein, our recent progress about elucidating the behavior of CPDs at nano‐bio interface from the perspective of physical chemistry has been summarized in the review, mainly at the bio‐macromolecular, cellular membrane and cellular levels, which is crucial for characterize their relative cytotoxicity and clinical transformation. Moreover, we mainly focused on the quantitative relationship of nano‐bio interactions between CPDs with biological identity and related thermodynamics parameters during this process is also obtained from advanced isothermal titration calorimetry technique. Finally, our recent study about the photoluminescence origin is also included in this review, which favors modulating the photoluminescence of CPDs.

中文翻译：

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纳米生物界面碳化聚合物点的行为及其发光机理：物理化学的观点

碳化聚合物点（CPD）已广泛应用于生物医学领域，例如成像，诊断和药物输送。由于生物系统的复杂，非平衡和动态性质不可避免地会影响CPD的预先设计特性，因此CPD在生物学特性上的效率和最终结果将通过无处不在的纳米生物相互作用而改变。在本文中，我们综述了从物理化学角度阐明CPD在纳米生物界面上的行为的最新进展，主要是在生物大分子，细胞膜和细胞水平上，这对于表征其相对细胞毒性至关重要和临床改造。此外，我们主要集中在CPD之间的纳米生物相互作用与生物学特性和相关热力学参数之间的定量关系，这一过程也是通过先进的等温滴定量热技术获得的。最后，我们对光致发光起源的最新研究也包括在本综述中，它有助于调节CPD的光致发光。