The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised individuals has changed over the last few decades, partially due to the increased use of antifungal agents to prevent IFIs. Although this strategy has resulted in an overall reduction in IFIs, a subset of patients develop breakthrough IFIs with substantial morbidity and mortality in this population. Here, we review the most significant risk factors for breakthrough IFIs in haematology patients, solid organ transplant recipients, and patients in the intensive care unit, focusing particularly on host factors, and highlight areas that require future investigation.

中文翻译：

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突破性侵袭性真菌感染：谁有风险？

在过去的几十年里，免疫功能低下个体的侵袭性真菌感染 (IFI) 的流行病学发生了变化，部分原因是越来越多地使用抗真菌药物来预防 IFI。尽管该策略导致 IFI 总体减少，但一部分患者发展为突破性 IFI，在该人群中发病率和死亡率很高。在这里，我们回顾了血液病患者、实体器官移植受者和重症监护病房患者发生突破性 IFI 的最重要风险因素，特别关注宿主因素，并强调需要未来调查的领域。