Abstract The paper studies the response of a 3-storey building subjected to reverse faulting. 1 g physical model tests are conducted using a 3 m long split-box, modelling the nonlinear response of structural members with artificial plastic hinges. The experimental results are used to validate the numerical modelling technique, which is subsequently employed to conduct a parametric study on sand density, foundation type (isolated footings, strip and slab foundations), and the location and angle of fault crossing. It is shown that the response of the structure is sensitive to the relative location of the fault rupture. In the case of isolated footings, complex interaction mechanisms develop, including fault rupture diversion, bifurcation, or diffusion. While the rigid-body rotation of the structure θ r is crucial in terms of serviceability, the footing rotations θ f are responsible for superstructure distress. Such distress is directly related to differential footing rotations and displacements. Looser soil may act as a cushion, but its effect is not always beneficial. Bifurcation of the fault rupture may lead to outcropping of a secondary branch between the footings, with obvious detrimental consequences. Strip footings or a slab foundation offer substantial improvement. Such rigid and continuous foundation systems prohibit differential displacements between columns, forcing the entire structure to rotate as a rigid body. The interaction mechanisms are complicated further when the fault rupture crosses the structure at an oblique angle. The distress of the structure is reduced with strip footings, which should be installed in both directions.

中文翻译：

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受逆断层影响的三层建筑：分析与实验

摘要 本文研究了一座三层楼房在逆断层作用下的响应。1 g 物理模型测试使用 3 m 长的分体箱进行，模拟具有人工塑性铰的结构构件的非线性响应。实验结果用于验证数值建模技术，随后用于对砂密度、地基类型（隔离地基、条形和平板地基）以及断层交叉的位置和角度进行参数研究。结果表明，结构的响应对断层破裂的相对位置很敏感。在孤立基础的情况下，会形成复杂的相互作用机制，包括断层破裂转移、分叉或扩散。虽然结构的刚体旋转 θ r 对适用性至关重要，基础旋转 θ f 是造成上部结构损坏的原因。这种窘迫与不同的基础旋转和位移直接相关。松散的土壤可以起到缓冲作用，但其效果并不总是有益的。断层破裂的分叉可能导致基脚之间的次生分支露头，具有明显的不利后果。条形基础或平板基础提供了实质性的改进。这种刚性和连续的基础系统禁止柱之间的差异位移，迫使整个结构作为刚体旋转。当断层破裂以斜角穿过结构时，相互作用机制进一步复杂。条形基础减少了结构的损坏，条形基础应安装在两个方向。