Revegetation of exotic annual grass−invaded rangelands is a primary objective of land managers following wildfires. Controlling invasive annual grasses is essential to increasing revegetation success; however, preemergent herbicides used to control annual grasses prohibit immediate seeding due to nontarget herbicide damage. Thus, seeding is often delayed 1 yr following herbicide application. This delay frequently allows for reinvasion of annual grasses, decreasing the success of revegetation efforts. Incorporating seeds into herbicide protection pods (HPPs) containing activated carbon (AC) permits concurrent high preemergent herbicide application and seeding because AC adsorbs and renders herbicides inactive. While HPPs have, largely in greenhouse studies, facilitated perennial bunchgrass emergence and early growth, their effectiveness in improving establishment of multiple species and functional groups in the field has not been assessed. Five bunchgrass species and two shrub species were seeded at two field sites with high imazapic application rates as bare seed and seed incorporated into HPPs. HPPs significantly improved establishment of sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata Nutt. Spp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertn.) over the 2-yr study. Three native perennial grass species were protected from herbicide damage by HPPs but had low establishment in both treatments. The two remaining shrub and grass species did not establish sufficiently to determine treatment effects. While establishment of native perennial bunchgrasses was low, this study demonstrates that HPPs can be used to protect seeded bunchgrasses and sagebrush from imazapic, prolonging establishment time in the absence of competition with annual grasses.

对一年生异国草入侵的牧场进行植被恢复是野火过后土地管理者的主要目标。控制侵入性一年生禾本科植物对于增加植被恢复的成功至关重要。然而，由于非目标除草剂的破坏，用于控制一年生禾草的芽前除草剂禁止立即播种。因此，除草剂施用后，播种通常会延迟1年。这种延迟经常允许一年生草的入侵，从而降低了植被恢复工作的成功率。将种子掺入含有活性炭（AC）的除草剂保护豆荚（HPP）中可以同时进行芽前高剂量除草剂的施用和播种，因为AC会吸附并导致除草剂失去活性。虽然HPP在温室研究中大都促进了多年生束草的出现和早期生长，尚未评估它们在改善该领域多个物种和功能群建立方面的有效性。五种束草物种和两种灌木物种以裸子种子和种子掺入HPPs的方式播种于两个高田间施用率的田间地点。HPP显着改善了鼠尾草的形成（蒿（Artemesia tridentata Nutt）。Spp。在为期2年的研究中，发现了怀俄明州的Beetle＆Young）和凤头的小麦草（Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertn。）。HPP保护了三种原生多年生草种免受除草剂的损害，但两种处理方法中的草根定植率均较低。剩下的两种灌木和草种无法充分确定治疗效果。虽然本地多年生束草的建立率很低，但这项研究表明，HPP可用于保护种子束草和鼠尾草免受伊马za目，从而在没有与一年生草竞争的情况下延长了建立时间。