Defects in innate immunity affect many different physiologic systems and several studies of patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders demonstrated the importance of innate immune system components in disease prevention or colonization of bacterial pathogens. To assess the role of the innate immune system on nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus, innate immune responses in pediatric S. aureus nasal persistent carriers (n = 14) and non-carriers (n = 15) were profiled by analyzing co-clustered gene sets (modules). We stimulated previously frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these subjects with i) a panel of TLR ligands, ii) live S. aureus (either a mixture of strains or stimulation with respective carriage isolates), or iii) heat-killed S. aureus. We found no difference in responses between carriers and non-carriers when PBMCs were stimulated with a panel of TLR ligands. However, PBMC gene expression profiles differed between persistent and non-S. aureus carriers following stimulation with either live or dead S. aureus. These observations suggest that individuals susceptible to persistent carriage with S. aureus may possess differences in their live/dead bacteria recognition pathway and that innate pathway signaling is different between persistent and non-carriers of S. aureus.

先天免疫缺陷影响许多不同的生理系统，对原发性免疫缺陷疾病患者的几项研究证明了先天免疫系统成分在疾病预防或细菌病原体定植中的重要性。为了评估先天免疫系统对金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植的作用，通过分析共簇基因集对小儿金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔持续携带者（n = 14）和非携带者（n = 15）的先天免疫反应进行了分析（模块）。我们用 i) 一组 TLR 配体，ii) 活的金黄色葡萄球菌刺激先前冷冻的来自这些受试者的外周血单核细胞 (PBMC)（菌株的混合物或与各自携带分离株的刺激），或 iii) 热灭活的金黄色葡萄球菌。我们发现当用一组 TLR 配体刺激 PBMC 时，携带者和非携带者之间的反应没有差异。然而，在用活的或死的金黄色葡萄球菌刺激后，持久性和非金黄色葡萄球菌携带者的PBMC 基因表达谱不同。这些观察结果表明，对金黄色葡萄球菌持续携带敏感的个体可能在其活/死细菌识别途径上存在差异，并且在金黄色葡萄球菌的持续携带者和非携带者之间，先天途径信号传导是不同的。