Abstract A potentially dangerous fire event that can occur in road tunnels is a gasoline tanker fire, where flammable liquid fuel spills on the tunnel roadbed and catches fire. In the USA typically, the water density required for fixed firefighting systems is based on NFPA 13 and the minimum ventilation is based on smoke back layering. This work calculates the required water density based on the tunnel geometry and compares the back layering ventilation to the ventilation needed to remove saturated air. The presented methodology presents an analytical approach to calculate the water density and ventilation required to control a gasoline pool fire, which is a function of the size of the gasoline pool, without considering the growth restriction due to fuel depth and limited oxygen. The tunnel geometry parameters presented in the examples are limited to specific cross slopes and road slopes, as well as resultant fire sizes of 50 MW, 100 MW, and 150 MW. This work considers standard sprinkler heads to calculate the required density in conjunction with the ventilation required to maintain evaporative cooling. The calculations are performed with a water only system and with modifications that could be expected from the use of foam additive.

中文翻译：

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估算隧道固定消防系统的水密度和控制公路隧道火灾的通风要求

摘要 公路隧道中可能发生的一种具有潜在危险性的火灾事件是油罐车火灾，易燃液体燃料溢出隧道路基并起火。在美国，固定式消防系统所需的水密度通常基于 NFPA 13，而最低通风量基于烟背分层。这项工作根据隧道几何形状计算所需的水密度，并将背面分层通风与去除饱和空气所需的通风进行比较。所提出的方法提出了一种分析方法来计算控制汽油池火灾所需的水密度和通风，这是汽油池大小的函数，而不考虑由于燃料深度和氧气有限而导致的增长限制。示例中给出的隧道几何参数仅限于特定的横向坡度和道路坡度，以及由此产生的 50 MW、100 MW 和 150 MW 的火灾规模。这项工作考虑了标准喷头来计算所需的密度以及维持蒸发冷却所需的通风。计算是使用纯水系统进行的，并进行了可能因使用泡沫添加剂而进行的修改。