Abstract

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation process for treating industrial wastewater is widely preferred since Anammox bacteria has been discovered, due to energy savings and cost reduction comparing to classical biological methods. However high concentration of heavy metals contained in such type of wastewater is well known inhibitor for biological processes and may limit the bacteria activity, as well as worsen the effectiveness of wastewater purification. The present state of the art shows that high concentration of certain heavy metals (Pb²⁺) can be found in municipal waste landfill leachates, therefore their negative effect may occur. The main goals of this research were to: (a) to study the negative effect of Pb²⁺ on the Anammox process in short term exposures. The inhibition of lead salt on the Anammox bacteria activity and nitrogen removal rate were determined by batch test, based on gas measurements procedure. Inhibition effects were monitored over 80 min experimental runs. Also, the kinetic parameters of the inhibition were investigated. A non competitive inhibition model successfully described the relationship between microbial inhibition and metal concentration. Data has shown that Pb²⁺ is toxic for Anammox bacteria biomass. The results showed that lead caused 16.2% of the Anammox activity decrease in highest tested concentration of 10 mg L^–1 of Pb²⁺. However, the 50% inhibition has not been reached the IC₅₀ has been calculated at 39.94 mg L. It was also suggested that long term exposure on the heavy metal presence might be more toxic. Thus, the soluble concentration of lead should be monitored on wastewater treatment plants not only before applying Anammox process to the treatment plants, but also during their operation to prevent negative changes in the processes. Also, further investigation should be introduced to understand the matter of the toxicity and the possibility to carry out the process in the heavy metal presence.

中文翻译：

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Pb 2+短期应力对厌氧氨氧化生物质的影响—批量测试实验

摘要

厌氧铵氧化工艺用于处理工业废水是广泛首选的方法，因为与传统的生物方法相比，由于节省了能源并降低了成本，因此发现了厌氧氨氧化细菌。然而，这种类型的废水中所含的高浓度重金属是生物过程的众所周知的抑制剂，并且可能限制细菌的活性，并且使废水净化的有效性变差。现有技术表明，在市政垃圾填埋场渗滤液中可以发现高浓度的某些重金属（Pb ²⁺），因此可能会产生负面影响。这项研究的主要目的是：（a）研究Pb ²⁺的负面影响短期暴露于Anammox工艺上。根据气体测量程序，通过分批测试确定了铅盐对厌氧氨氧化细菌活性和脱氮率的抑制作用。在80分钟的实验运行中监测抑制作用。另外，研究了抑制的动力学参数。非竞争性抑制模型成功地描述了微生物抑制与金属浓度之间的关系。数据表明，Pb ²⁺对厌氧厌氧细菌生物量有毒。结果表明，在最高测试浓度10 mg L ^–1的Pb ^2+中，铅导致Anammox活性降低16.2％。但是，IC ₅₀尚未达到50％抑制经计算，该化合物的含量为39.94 mgL。还表明，长期暴露于重金属下可能更具毒性。因此，不仅在将Anammox工艺应用于污水处理厂之前，而且在污水处理厂的运行过程中，都应监测废水处理厂中铅的可溶性浓度，以防止工艺中的不利变化。另外，应引入进一步的研究以了解毒性问题以及在重金属存在下进行该方法的可能性。