Antroquinonol (AQ) has several remarkable bioactivities in acute myeloid leukaemia and pancreatic cancer, but difficulties in the mass production of AQ hamper its applications. Currently, molecular biotechnology methods, such as gene overexpression, have been widely used to increase the production of metabolites. However, AQ biosynthetic genes and enzymes are poorly understood. In this study, an integrated study coupling RNA-Seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to identify AQ synthesis-related genes and enzymes in Antrodia camphorata during coenzyme Q₀-induced fermentation (FM). The upregulated genes related to acetyl-CoA synthesis indicated that acetyl-CoA enters the mevalonate pathway to form the farnesyl tail precursor of AQ. The metE gene for an enzyme with methyl transfer activity provided sufficient methyl groups for AQ structure formation. The CoQ2 and ubiA genes encode p-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl transferase, linking coenzyme Q₀ and the polyisoprene side chain to form coenzyme Q₃. NADH is transformed into NAD+ and releases two electrons, which may be beneficial for the conversion of coenzyme Q₃ to AQ. Understanding the biosynthetic genes and enzymes of AQ is important for improving its production by genetic means in the future.

中文翻译：

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牛樟芝中蒽醌生物合成基因和酶的综合转录组学和蛋白质组学分析。

蒽醌醇（AQ）在治疗急性髓系白血病和胰腺癌方面具有多种显着的生物活性，但大规模生产的困难阻碍了其应用。目前，分子生物技术方法，例如基因过表达，已被广泛用于增加代谢物的产量。然而，人们对 AQ 生物合成基因和酶知之甚少。在本研究中，采用RNA-Seq和同量异位标签耦合相对和绝对定量（iTRAQ）的综合研究来鉴定辅酶Q _{0诱导发酵（FM）过程中}牛樟芝中与AQ合成相关的基因和酶。与乙酰辅酶A合成相关的上调基因表明乙酰辅酶A进入甲羟戊酸途径形成AQ的法尼基尾部前体。具有甲基转移活性的酶的metE基因为AQ结构的形成提供了足够的甲基。CoQ2和ubiA基因编码对羟基苯甲酸聚异戊二烯基转移酶，连接辅酶Q 0和聚异戊二烯侧链以形成辅​​酶_{Q 3}。_{NADH转化为NAD+并释放两个电子，这可能有利于辅酶Q 3}向AQ的转化。了解AQ的生物合成基因和酶对于未来通过遗传手段提高其产量具有重要意义。