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Holding On to the Past: Older Adults Show Lingering Neural Activation of No-Longer-Relevant Items in Working Memory.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01596
Jennifer C Weeks 1, 2 , Cheryl L Grady 1, 2 , Lynn Hasher 1, 2 , Bradley R Buchsbaum 1, 2
Affiliation  

Goal-relevant information can be maintained in working memory over a brief delay interval to guide an upcoming decision. There is also evidence suggesting the existence of a complementary process: namely, the ability to suppress information that is no longer relevant to ongoing task goals. Moreover, this ability to suppress or inhibit irrelevant information appears to decline with age. In this study, we compared younger and older adults undergoing fMRI on a working memory task designed to address whether the modulation of neural representations of relevant and no-longer-relevant items during a delay interval is related to age and overall task performance. Following from the theoretical predictions of the inhibitory deficit hypothesis of aging, we hypothesized that older adults would show higher activation of no-longer-relevant items during a retention delay compared to young adults and that higher activation of these no-longer-relevant items would predict worse recognition memory accuracy for relevant items. Our results support this prediction and more generally demonstrate the importance of goal-driven modulation of neural activity in successful working memory maintenance. Furthermore, we showed that the largest age differences in the regulation of category-specific pattern activity during working memory maintenance were seen throughout the medial temporal lobe and prominently in the hippocampus, further establishing the importance of “long-term memory” retrieval mechanisms in the context of high-load working memory tasks that place large demands on attentional selection mechanisms.



中文翻译:

坚持过去:老年人对工作记忆中不再相关的项目表现出挥之不去的神经激活。

与目标相关的信息可以在短暂的延迟间隔内保存在工作记忆中,以指导即将做出的决定。还有证据表明存在互补过程:即抑制与正在进行的任务目标不再相关的信息的能力。此外,这种抑制或抑制无关信息的能力似乎随着年龄的增长而下降。在这项研究中,我们比较了在工作记忆任务中接受 fMRI 的年轻人和老年人,该任务旨在解决延迟间隔期间相关和不再相关项目的神经表征的调制是否与年龄和整体任务表现有关。根据衰老抑制缺陷假说的理论预测,我们假设与年轻人相比,老年人在保留延迟期间会表现出更高的不再相关项目的激活,并且这些不再相关项目的更高激活将预测相关项目的识别记忆准确性更差。我们的结果支持这一预测,并且更普遍地证明了目标驱动的神经活动调节在成功的工作记忆维持中的重要性。此外,我们发现工作记忆维持期间特定类别模式活动调节的最大年龄差异出现在整个内侧颞叶和海马体中,进一步确立了“长期记忆”检索机制在工作记忆中的重要性。对注意力选择机制有很大要求的高负荷工作记忆任务的背景。

更新日期:2020-08-20
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