Endosperm culture can be considered a method to achieve polyploid plants. An experiment was conducted to determine the ploidy levels in leaf cells of plantlets originating from the endosperm and cotyledonary segment explants after organogenesis. The ploidy level of plantlets was determined by flow cytometry. Also, anatomical and morphological traits of the analysed plantlets were compared to identify the phenotypic difference in the plants. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that plantlets with cotyledon origin were diploid, while plantlets differentiated from the endosperm were mixoploid. Mixoploid and diploid plants differed in genome size. Mixoploidʼs leaves developed with a steep angle (27.23 ± 2.62°, n = 3), low leaf area index (0.233 ± 0.002, n = 3) and small cross‐sectional area of the plant canopy (104.2 ± 2.11 cm², n = 3) at the maturity of the leaf. The higher light interception (39.137 ± 0.047 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, n = 3) was also recorded in mixoploid plants compared to diploid plants. The shorter internode in the upper part of, and longer internode in the lower part of, the plant canopy is consistent with the semicompact phenotype of mixoploid plants. Their stomatal conductance values were higher than those in diploid plants. The light interception showed a strong positive correlation with stomatal conductance. The comparison of stomatal density and length in haploid, diploid and triploid leaves of mixoploid plants has revealed that with the increase in ploidy level, stomatal density decreased because of enlargement in stomatal length. This study offers trees with a semidense canopy and better photosynthesis conditions for semidense orchard construction.

中文翻译：

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与梨木胚乳的胚乳不同的混合倍体植物的半紧凑冠层形式。Natanzi：流式细胞仪分析以及解剖学和形态学特征的证据

胚乳培养可以被认为是获得多倍体植物的一种方法。进行了实验以确定器官发生后源自胚乳和子叶节外植体的小植株叶片细胞中的倍性水平。通过流式细胞术确定幼苗的倍性水平。而且，比较了分析的小植株的解剖学和形态学特征，以鉴定植物的表型差异。流式细胞仪分析表明，子叶来源的幼苗为二倍体，而与胚乳分化的幼苗为混合倍体。混合二倍体和二倍体植物的基因组大小不同。混成倍体的叶片发育成陡角（27.23±2.62°，n = 3），低叶面积指数（0.233±0.002，n= 3）且叶片成熟时植物冠层的横截面积较小（104.2±2.11 cm ²，n = 3）。较高的光拦截（39.137±0.047μmolm ^-2 s ^-1，n与二倍体植物相比，在三倍体植物中也记录了＝ 3）。植物冠层上部的较短节间和下部的较长节间与混合倍体植物的半紧凑表型一致。它们的气孔导度值高于二倍体植物。光的截获表明与气孔导度有很强的正相关。混合倍体植物的单倍体，二倍体和三倍体叶片的气孔密度和长度的比较表明，随着倍性水平的增加，气孔密度由于气孔长度的增加而降低。这项研究为半致密果园的建设提供了具有半密林冠层和更好的光合作用条件的树木。