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Mammal functional diversity and habitat heterogeneity: Implications for hominin habitat reconstruction.
Journal of Human Evolution ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102853
W Andrew Barr 1 , Maryse Biernat 2
Affiliation  

Hominin habitats are frequently described as ‘mosaic’ based on interpretations of fossil assemblages comprising taxa with divergent functional adaptations (e.g., both grazers and browsers). This interpretation rests on an assumption that mammal functional diversity is positively associated with habitat heterogeneity. We test this assumption using modern mammal data for 141 sites in Africa. Species average body mass and locomotor and dietary information was compiled for all species >500 g. The functional diversity of each species assemblage was measured using five metrics: locomotor richness, trophic richness, functional richness, functional divergence, and functional evenness. We used a high-resolution woody cover estimate for sub-Saharan Africa to compute the coefficient of variation of percentage of woody cover for each site. We used a published land cover classification to compute the number of habitat patches and the number of distinct habitat types at each site. Multiple regressions were conducted at 9 different spatial resolutions (pixel size ranging from 100 m to 30 km) to explore the relationship between functional diversity and habitat heterogeneity metrics. The overall number of species found at a site is strongly positively associated with functional richness, locomotor richness, and trophic richness at all spatial resolutions. The number of habitat types at a site and the density of habitat patches show a modest positive relationship with most functional diversity metrics at most spatial resolutions. The coefficient of variation in woody cover is a very poor predictor of functional diversity. The locomotor and trophic richness of mammal communities are positively associated with habitat heterogeneity and may be useful for reconstructing aspects of heterogeneity at hominin sites. However, the overall number of species is an important confounding variable, which in turn depends on the sample size of the overall fossil sample. Researchers should carefully consider impacts of sample size on faunal reconstructions of habitat heterogeneity.



中文翻译:

哺乳动物功能多样性和生境异质性:对人源素栖息地重建的影响。

根据对包含不同功能适应性的分类单元的化石组合的解释,人种栖息地经常被描述为“马赛克”,例如食草者和浏览器。这种解释基于这样一个假设,即哺乳动物功能多样性与栖息地异质性正相关。我们使用非洲141个地点的现代哺乳动物数据测试了这一假设。汇编了所有> 500 g的物种的平均体重,运动和饮食信息。使用五个指标来测量每个物种集合的功能多样性:运动丰富度,营养丰富度,功能丰富度,功能差异和功能均匀性。我们使用了撒哈拉以南非洲的高分辨率木本植物覆盖率估算值来计算每个站点的木本植物覆盖率百分比的变化系数。我们使用已发布的土地覆盖分类来计算每个站点的栖息地斑块数量和不同的栖息地类型数量。在9种不同的空间分辨率(像素大小从100 m到30 km)上进行了多元回归,以探索功能多样性与生境异质性度量之间的关系。在所有空间分辨率下,在一个地点发现的物种总数与功能丰富度,运动丰富度和营养丰富度呈正相关。一个地点的栖息地类型数量和栖息地斑块密度在大多数空间分辨率下与大多数功能多样性指标之间存在适度的正相关关系。木本植物覆盖率的变化系数对功能多样性的预测非常差。哺乳动物群落的运动能力和营养丰富度与栖息地异质性呈正相关,对重建人参素位点的异质性可能有用。但是,物种总数是一个重要的混杂变量,而变量又取决于整个化石样本的样本量。研究人员应仔细考虑样本量对栖息地异质性动物区系重建的影响。

更新日期:2020-08-02
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