Abstract Composting, as a controlled decomposition, is the aerobic biodegradative process of organic residues. Denitrification is a facultative respiratory biochemistry pathway mediated by denitrifying microbes, which convert nitrate to nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide, and constitutes one of the main branches of nitrogen cycle during composting. Still, lots of details about denitrification during composting have not been systematically provided. This review summarizes the current findings of denitrification, which deepen understanding and emphasize the importance of denitrification during composting. Denitrification during composting is undoubtedly confirmed, mainly due to the agglomerates of composting material easily lead to local anaerobic. The loss of nitrogen and the degradation of crucial products (aromatic humic substances) caused by denitrification are the significance of denitrification studies during composting. Furthermore, this review outlines future research direction in order to increase nitrogen use efficiency and improve composting quality. Optimizing the composting process, governing the end product of nitrate respiration, and exploring biochemical processes competitive with denitrification is essential for controlling denitrification.

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堆肥过程中的反硝化作用：生物化学、意义和前景

摘要 堆肥作为一种受控分解，是有机残留物的好氧生物降解过程。反硝化作用是由反硝化微生物介导的兼性呼吸生化途径，将硝酸盐转化为氮气或一氧化二氮，是堆肥过程中氮循环的主要分支之一。尽管如此，还没有系统地提供有关堆肥过程中反硝化的许多细节。本综述总结了当前反硝化的研究结果，加深了对反硝化在堆肥过程中的重要性的理解和强调。堆肥过程中的反硝化作用无疑得到证实，主要是堆肥材料结块容易导致局部厌氧。由反硝化作用引起的氮损失和关键产物（芳香腐殖质）的降解是堆肥过程中反硝化研究的重要意义。此外，本综述概述了未来的研究方向，以提高氮的利用效率和提高堆肥质量。优化堆肥过程，控制硝酸盐呼吸的最终产物，探索与反硝化竞争的生化过程对于控制反硝化至关重要。