Immune-checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have revolutionized oncology and firmly established the subfield of immuno-oncology. Despite this renaissance, a subset of cancer patients remain unresponsive to ICBs due to widespread immuno-resistance. To “break” cancer cell-driven immuno-resistance, researchers have long floated the idea of therapeutically facilitating the immunogenicity of cancer cells by disrupting tumor-associated immuno-tolerance via conventional anticancer therapies. It is well appreciated that anticancer therapies causing immunogenic or inflammatory cell death are best positioned to productively activate anticancer immunity. A large proportion of studies have emphasized the importance of immunogenic apoptosis (i.e., immunogenic cell death or ICD); yet, it has also emerged that necroptosis, a programmed necrotic cell death pathway, can also be immunogenic. Emergence of a proficient immune profile for necroptosis has important implications for cancer because resistance to apoptosis is one of the major hallmarks of tumors. Putative immunogenic or inflammatory characteristics driven by necroptosis can be of great impact in immuno-oncology. However, as is typical for a highly complex and multi-factorial disease like cancer, a clear cause versus consensus relationship on the immunobiology of necroptosis in cancer cells has been tough to establish. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of necroptosis immunobiology with specific focus on immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

---

免疫肿瘤学和癌症免疫疗法中的坏死病。

免疫检查点阻滞剂（ICB）彻底改变了肿瘤学，并牢固地建立了免疫肿瘤学的子领域。尽管有这种复兴，但由于广泛的免疫抗性，一部分癌症患者仍对ICB无反应。为了“打破”癌细胞驱动的免疫耐受性，研究人员长期提出了通过常规抗癌疗法破坏肿瘤相关的免疫耐受性来促进癌细胞免疫原性的想法。众所周知，引起免疫原性或炎性细胞死亡的抗癌疗法最能有效地激活抗癌免疫力。大量研究强调了免疫原性细胞凋亡（即免疫原性细胞死亡或ICD）的重要性。然而，还出现了坏死性坏死病，一种程序性坏死细胞死亡途径，也可以是免疫原性的。由于对细胞凋亡的抵抗力是肿瘤的主要标志之一，因此针对尸体坏死的有效免疫特征的出现对癌症具有重要意义。坏死病驱动的推定的免疫原性或炎性特征可能对免疫肿瘤学产生重大影响。然而，正如高度复杂和多因素疾病（如癌症）的典型情况一样，很难确定癌细胞坏死病免疫生物学的明确原因与共识关系。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了坏死病免疫生物学的各个方面，尤其侧重于免疫肿瘤学和癌症免疫疗法。坏死病驱动的推定的免疫原性或炎性特征可能对免疫肿瘤学产生重大影响。然而，正如高度复杂和多因素疾病（如癌症）的典型情况一样，很难确定癌细胞坏死病免疫生物学的明确原因与共识关系。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了坏死病免疫生物学的各个方面，尤其侧重于免疫肿瘤学和癌症免疫疗法。坏死病驱动的推定的免疫原性或炎性特征可能对免疫肿瘤学产生重大影响。然而，正如高度复杂和多因素疾病（如癌症）的典型情况一样，很难确定癌细胞坏死病免疫生物学的明确原因与共识关系。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了坏死病免疫生物学的各个方面，尤其侧重于免疫肿瘤学和癌症免疫疗法。