Abstract This paper presents a frequency domain transfer function methodology for thermal characterization and design for energy flexibility of zones with hydronic radiant heating/cooling systems and significant thermal mass. The modeling methodology is validated with experiments in an environmental chamber. Using the developed frequency domain model of the zone, key transfer functions are calculated for a case study. By means of transfer functions, the effect of different levels of thermal mass on the zone thermal response and quantification of the energy flexibility in response to grid signals is studied. The model is used to evaluate different design and operation options on a relative basis to enhance energy flexibility for different scenarios. It is shown how transfer function analysis provides insight into the building thermal dynamics without the need for simulations. The transfer function that relates the radiant floor heat source at the bottom of the slab to the zone air temperature is derived and the delay between the heat input of the radiant slab and zone air temperature is calculated. Experimental measurements in an environmental chamber are used to validate the key design parameters obtained from the frequency domain transfer function regarding the operational strategies for energy flexibility of the thermal zone. Finally, it is shown how to utilize the quantified energy flexibility that is possible with the floor thermal mass through application of appropriate control strategies while maintaining satisfactory comfort conditions.

中文翻译：

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用于热表征和设计具有辐射系统的区域的能量灵活性的频域传递函数方法

摘要 本文提出了一种频域传递函数方法，用于热表征和设计具有循环辐射加热/冷却系统和显着热质量的区域的能量灵活性。该建模方法通过在环境室中的实验得到验证。使用开发的区域频域模型，计算案例研究的关键传递函数。通过传递函数，研究了不同水平的热质量对区域热响应的影响以及响应电网信号的能量灵活性的量化。该模型用于在相对基础上评估不同的设计和运行选项，以提高不同场景的能源灵活性。展示了传递函数分析如何在不需要模拟的情况下洞察建筑热动力学。推导了楼板底部的地板辐射热源与区域气温之间的传递函数，并计算了辐射板的热量输入与区域气温之间的延迟。环境室中的实验测量用于验证从频域传递函数获得的关键设计参数，这些参数与热区能量灵活性的操作策略有关。最后，展示了如何通过应用适当的控制策略来利用地板热质量可能的量化能量灵活性，同时保持令人满意的舒适条件。推导了楼板底部的地板辐射热源与区域气温之间的传递函数，并计算了辐射板的热量输入与区域气温之间的延迟。环境室中的实验测量用于验证从频域传递函数获得的关键设计参数，这些参数与热区能量灵活性的操作策略有关。最后，展示了如何通过应用适当的控制策略来利用地板热质量可能的量化能量灵活性，同时保持令人满意的舒适条件。推导了楼板底部的地板辐射热源与区域气温之间的传递函数，并计算了辐射板的热量输入与区域气温之间的延迟。环境室中的实验测量用于验证从频域传递函数获得的关键设计参数，这些参数与热区能量灵活性的操作策略有关。最后，展示了如何通过应用适当的控制策略来利用地板热质量可能的量化能量灵活性，同时保持令人满意的舒适条件。