Expression levels of hemocyanin (LvHc), activating transcription factor 4 (LvAtf4), glutathione S-transferase (LvGst), caspase 2 (LvCasp2) and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (LvAlf) were examined in the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles exposed to a lethal concentration of ammonia-N (32.15 mg/l). The expression levels of all transcripts except LvAlf were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in tolerant shrimp (Lv-AT; N = 30) that survived up to 72 h post treatment (hpt) than in susceptible shrimp (Lv-AS24 and Lv-AS72; N = 45 and 15), that died within 24 h or between 24 and 72 hpt, respectively. Subsequently, effects of non-lethal concentrations of ammonia-N (control, 10 and 20 mg/l) on the expression of LvHc in juvenile shrimp were examined. Compared to the control, expression levels of LvHc transcripts in hemocytes and the hepatopancreas of tested shrimp changed after exposure to ammonia-N. One SNP (C > T₅₄₅) was found in the LvHc₃₂₂ gene segment. Real-time PCR amplification of specific alleles (real-time PASA) was developed for detection of C > T₅₄₅ genotypes. Juveniles in the lethal exposure test that carried a C/T₅₄₅ genotype showed a greater average body weight and total length (8.46 ± 0.36 g and 10.05 ± 0.16 cm) than those with a C/C₅₄₅ genotype (7.48 ± 0.31 g and 9.60 ± 0.13 cm) (P < 0.05). Similar results were found in the second generation (G2) of a growth-improved stock (3 and 4 families of BIOTEC-G2-L1 and BIOTEC-G2-L2) and in commercially farmed shrimp (2 groups). Accordingly, expression levels and SNP of LvHc can serve as markers for selection high growth performance in ammonia-tolerant L. vannamei.

在太平洋白对虾凡纳滨对虾幼虾肝胰腺中检测了血蓝蛋白（LvHc），活化转录因子4（LvAtf4），谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（LvGst），胱天蛋白酶2（LvCasp2）和抗脂多糖因子（LvAlf）的表达水平。达到致命浓度的氨氮（32.15 mg / l）。 在耐性虾（Lv-AT；N）中，除LvAlf外，所有转录本的表达水平均显着较高（P <0.05）。 = 30）在存活（hpt）后存活的时间比易感虾（Lv-AS24和Lv-AS72；N  = 45和15）存活的时间分别短于24 h或24至72 hpt。随后，研究了非致死浓度的氨氮（对照，分别为10和20 mg / l）对幼虾LvHc表达的影响。与对照相比，暴露于氨氮后，被测虾血细胞和肝胰腺中LvHc转录本的表达水平发生了变化。在LvHc ₃₂₂基因片段中发现一个SNP（C> T ₅₄₅）。开发了特定等位基因的实时PCR扩增（实时PASA）以检测C> T ₅₄₅基因型。携带C / T ₅₄₅基因型的青少年进行致命暴露测试时，其平均体重和总长度（8.46±0.36 g和10.05±0.16 cm）比具有C / C ₅₄₅基因型的青少年（7.48±0.31 g和9.60）大。 ±0.13厘米）（P  <0.05）。在第二代（G2）生长改善的种群（BIOTEC-G2-L1和BIOTEC-G2-L2的3和4族）和商业养殖虾（2组）中也发现了类似的结果。因此，LvHc的表达水平和SNP可以用作在耐氨的南美白对虾中选择高生长性能的标记。