Domestication is the process in which preferred genetic changes in wild plants and animals have been selected by humans. In other words, domesticated plants have become adapted to being part of human-managed ecosystems. Asian cultivated rice, Oryza sativa L., is one of the most important crops in the world and is known to have been domesticated from its wild ancestor, O. rufipogon. Many morphological changes in cultivated rice have been beneficial to humans in terms of increased efficiency of cultivation and yield that supported the development of human civilisations. The genetic mechanisms of these changes have been extensively studied since rice genome sequences were determined, and based on genome analyses, the origin of rice has been widely discussed. Most of the domestication-related traits and genes are, however, often evaluated based on the genetic background of cultivated rice, leading to misinterpretation of rice domestication. Here, we review several genetic changes and discuss the importance of evaluating these traits in the wild rice genetic background to understand the process of rice domestication. In this review, we also provide a phenotypic evaluation of domestication-related traits.

中文翻译：

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水稻与驯化相关性状的遗传评估：对水稻起源的古植物学的启示

驯化是人类选择野生动植物的首选遗传变化的过程。换句话说，驯化的植物已经适应成为人类管理的生态系统的一部分。亚洲栽培水稻Oryza sativa L.是世界上最重要的农作物之一，已知是从其野生祖先rufipogon驯化而来的。栽培稻的许多形态变化在提高栽培效率和产量方面都对人类有益，这支持了人类文明的发展。自从确定水稻基因组序列以来，已经广泛研究了这些变化的遗传机制，并且基于基因组分析，水稻的起源已得到广泛讨论。然而，大多数与驯化有关的性状和基因经常根据栽培稻的遗传背景进行评估，从而导致对水稻驯化的误解。在这里，我们回顾了几种遗传变化，并讨论了在野生稻遗传背景中评估这些性状的重要性，以了解水稻的驯化过程。在这篇综述中，我们还提供了驯化相关性状的表型评估。