The pediatric population is generally considered as "miniature adults," but they actually differ from adults due to their different body compositions and varied stages of organ development, which alter essential biopharmaceutical parameters. The physiological differences between the pediatric population and the adult population alter the essential kinetics and dynamics of the same drug administered at the same dose. For pediatric patients, the drug dose is generally calculated using different formulas based on age, body surface area, or weight, or is simply reduced to half of adult dose. This, however, is not the correct practice. New approaches have emerged for designing customized formulations and medical devices for the pediatric population. Examples of customized formulations are "mini-tablets" and "oro-dispersible films," which attempt to ease the administration of solid oral dosage forms. These specially designed medical devices have shown the ability to overcome many challenges in dose administration to children. One such medical device is the "oral solid dosage pen," which allows for dose adjustment by cutting a tablet-like drug carrier at a predefined height and offers flexibility and convenience for dose administration to the pediatric population. Other medical devices, such as the Nipple Shield Delivery System (NSDS) and Medibottle also aid in efficient drug delivery to pediatrics. This review summarizes the challenges in dosage form design and advances in suitable medical devices for better administration to the pediatric population to overcome accidents due to medical errors, incomplete absorption, and toxicity.

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对儿科剂型开发和医疗器械的评论

儿科人群通常被认为是“微型成年人”，但实际上它们与成年人不同，因为它们的身体组成不同，器官发育的阶段不同，从而改变了基本的生物制药参数。小儿人群和成人人群之间的生理差异改变了以相同剂量给药的相同药物的基本动力学和动力学。对于小儿患者，通常根据年龄，体表面积或体重，使用不同的公式来计算药物剂量，或者简单地减少为成人剂量的一半。但是，这不是正确的做法。已经出现了为儿童人群设计定制配方和医疗设备的新方法。定制配方的示例包括“迷你片剂”和“ 试图减轻固体口服剂型的给药。这些经过特殊设计的医疗器械已经显示出克服儿童剂量给药中许多挑战的能力。一种这样的医疗设备是“口服固体剂量笔”，其可以通过在预定高度切割片剂状药物载体来调节剂量，并且为向儿科人群给药提供了灵活性和便利性。其他医疗设备，例如乳头防护罩输送系统（NSDS）和Medibottle，也有助于将药物有效地输送到儿科。这篇综述总结了剂型设计中的挑战，并介绍了合适的医疗设备的进展，以便更好地向儿科人群给药，以克服由于医疗错误，吸收不完全和毒性引起的事故。试图减轻固体口服剂型的给药。这些经过特殊设计的医疗器械已经显示出克服儿童剂量给药中许多挑战的能力。一种这样的医疗设备是“口服固体剂量笔”，其可以通过在预定高度切割片剂状药物载体来调节剂量，并且为向儿科人群给药提供了灵活性和便利性。其他医疗设备，例如乳头防护罩输送系统（NSDS）和Medibottle，也有助于将药物有效地输送到儿科。这篇综述总结了剂型设计中的挑战，并介绍了合适的医疗设备的进展，以便更好地向儿科人群给药，以克服由于医疗错误，吸收不完全和毒性引起的事故。