Self-cleaning surfaces may have wide applications such as microfluidic devices, lab-on-a-chip, sensors, microreactors, air purification, and antimicrobial fields. In this article, by using a combination of femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation and fluorination technique, self-cleaning stainless steel surfaces with unique antifouling property were obtained. New insight is developed through a detailed analysis of the antifouling behavior of the self-cleaning surfaces. The surface free energy and its polar and disperse components were calculated by using the Owens–Wendt-–Rabel–Kaelble (OWRK) method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to analyse the surface elemental compositions and functional groups. The antifouling property of the surface was recorded by using a high speed camera. Water sliding angles (SAs) were reduced by fluorination treatment, resulting in low adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces with the self-cleaning property. The influences of micro/nanostructures, fluorination, and their combination on the surface free energy were investigated. The interaction process between water droplets and pollutants (inorganic and organic particles) on the treated surface was explored. The antifouling property of an optimized specimen (CA = 162° and SA = 1°) was tested and compared with the untreated sample.

中文翻译：

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实现具有独特防污性能的自清洁表面的简单方法

自清洁表面可能具有广泛的应用，例如微流体设备、芯片实验室、传感器、微反应器、空气净化和抗菌领域。在本文中，通过使用飞秒（fs）激光照射和氟化技术的组合，获得了具有独特防污性能的自清洁不锈钢表面。通过详细分析自清洁表面的防污性能，获得了新的见解。通过使用 Owens-Wendt--Rabel-Kaelble (OWRK) 方法计算表面自由能及其极性和分散分量。X射线光电子能谱用于分析表面元素组成和官能团。使用高速摄像机记录表面的防污性能。通过氟化处理降低了水滑角 (SA)，从而产生具有自清洁性能的低粘性超疏水表面。研究了微/纳米结构、氟化及其组合对表面自由能的影响。探讨了水滴与处理过的表面上的污染物（无机和有机颗粒）之间的相互作用过程。测试了优化样品（CA = 162° 和 SA = 1°）的防污性能，并与未处理的样品进行了比较。探讨了水滴与处理过的表面上的污染物（无机和有机颗粒）之间的相互作用过程。测试了优化样品（CA = 162° 和 SA = 1°）的防污性能，并与未处理的样品进行了比较。探讨了水滴与处理过的表面上的污染物（无机和有机颗粒）之间的相互作用过程。测试了优化样品（CA = 162° 和 SA = 1°）的防污性能，并与未处理的样品进行了比较。