Abstract

In Thailand, glyphosate is popular herbicide to control pests in the agricultural sector. This study aimed to measure glyphosate exposure concentrations through inhalation, dermal contact, and urinary glyphosate concentrations among 43 vegetable farmers spraying glyphosate in Bungphra Subdistrict, Phitsanulok Province. Four types of spraying equipment were used, manual pump backpack (n = 3), motorized spray backpack (n = 22), battery pump backpack (n = 16), and high pressure pump (n = 2). Breathing zone air samples were collected using glass fiber filters; dermal contact samples were collected using 100 cm² cotton patches attached on 10 body locations and urine samples were collected at 3 time points: morning void urine the day before spraying, the end of spraying event, and the morning void urine the next day of spraying. The results showed that the geometric mean (GM; geometric standard deviation [GSD]) of breathing zone concentrations of glyphosate exposure were 9.37 (10.17) µg/m³. The GM (GSD) of total dermal patches exposure concentrations were 7.57 (0.01) mg/h. The legs, back, and arms were the most exposed body areas. The GM (GSD) of urinary glyphosate was found highest among vegetable farmers using manual backpack 46.90 (1.35) µg/g creatinine. Farmers should wear masks and boots to reduce glyphosate exposure by inhalation and dermal contact.

摘要

在泰国，草甘膦是一种流行的除草剂，用于控制农业部门的害虫。本研究旨在测量彭世洛府 Bungphra 分区喷洒草甘膦的 43 名菜农通过吸入、皮肤接触和尿液中的草甘膦浓度测量草甘膦暴露浓度。使用了四种类型的喷涂设备，手动泵背包（n  = 3）、电动喷涂背包（n  = 22）、电池泵背包（n  = 16）和高压泵（n  = 2）。使用玻璃纤维过滤器收集呼吸区空气样本；使用 100 cm ²收集皮肤接触样品在 3 个时间点收集附着在 10 个身体部位的棉片和尿液样本：喷洒前一天的晨尿、喷洒事件结束和喷洒第二天的晨尿。结果表明，草甘膦暴露的呼吸区浓度的几何平均值（GM；几何标准偏差 [GSD]）为 9.37 (10.17) µg/m ³。皮肤贴剂总暴露浓度的 GM (GSD) 为 7.57 (0.01) mg/h。腿部、背部和手臂是暴露最多的身体部位。使用手动背包的蔬菜农民发现尿草甘膦的转基因 (GSD) 最高，为 46.90 (1.35) µg/g 肌酐。农民应戴口罩和靴子，以减少吸入和皮肤接触导致的草甘膦暴露。