While stream restorations are increasingly being adopted to mitigate sediment and nutrient inputs and to meet water quality regulatory targets, less information is available on the drivers behind the design, implementation, effectiveness, and cost of restorations. We address these issues for a $4.2 million stream restoration for legacy sediments implemented for a rural Piedmont stream in Maryland, USA. A total of 1668 m of stream was restored in three phases, which included the partial removal of legacy sediments, the grading of streambanks, floodplain creation, channel reshaping with meanders and pool-riffle forms, the raising of the stream bed, and the planting of riparian vegetation. The sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and fluxes were monitored before- and during the restoration phases. The sites selected for restoration had legacy sediments vulnerable to erosion and were on state-owned land. The restoration design was based on the need to maintain mature riparian trees and preserve existing sensitive wetland habitats. Water quality monitoring indicated that the sediment and nutrient fluxes increased during the restoration phase and were attributed to disturbance associated with construction activities and increased runoff. We also recommend that soil health needs to be included as an integral component to enhance the effectiveness and resilience of stream restorations.

中文翻译：

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马里兰州 Gramies Run 遗留沉积物的河流恢复：实施、水质监测和土壤健康的早期经验

虽然越来越多地采用河流修复来减轻沉积物和养分输入并满足水质监管目标，但关于修复设计、实施、有效性和成本背后的驱动因素的可用信息较少。我们解决了这些问题，为美国马里兰州的皮埃蒙特乡村河流实施了 420 万美元的遗留沉积物河流修复。共分三期恢复河道1668米，包括部分清除遗留沉积物、河堤分级、河漫滩创建、河道改建曲流和池浅河道、河床抬高、植树造林。河岸植被。在恢复阶段之前和期间监测沉积物、氮和磷的浓度和通量。选择修复的地点具有易受侵蚀的遗留沉积物，并且位于国有土地上。修复设计基于维护成熟河岸树木和保护现有敏感湿地栖息地的需要。水质监测表明，沉积物和养分通量在恢复阶段增加，这归因于与施工活动相关的干扰和径流增加。我们还建议将土壤健康作为一个不可或缺的组成部分，以提高河流恢复的有效性和恢复力。水质监测表明，沉积物和养分通量在恢复阶段增加，这归因于与施工活动相关的干扰和径流增加。我们还建议将土壤健康作为一个不可或缺的组成部分，以提高河流恢复的有效性和恢复力。水质监测表明，沉积物和养分通量在恢复阶段增加，这归因于与施工活动相关的干扰和径流增加。我们还建议将土壤健康作为一个不可或缺的组成部分，以提高河流恢复的有效性和恢复力。