Almost 30 years have passed since the first publication reporting regeneration of transformed peach plants. Nevertheless, the general applicability of genetic transformation of this species has not yet been established. Many strategies have been tested in order to obtain an efficient peach transformation system. Despite the amount of time and the efforts invested, the lack of success has significantly limited the utility of peach as a model genetic system for trees, despite its relatively short generation time; small, high-quality genome; and well-studied genetic resources. Additionally, the absence of efficient genetic transformation protocols precludes the application of many biotechnological tools in peach breeding programs. In this review, we provide an overview of research on regeneration and genetic transformation in this species and summarize novel strategies and procedures aimed at producing transgenic peaches. Promising future approaches to develop a robust peach transformation system are discussed, focusing on the main bottlenecks to success including the low efficiency of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation, the low level of correspondence between cells competent for transformation and those that have regenerative competence, and the high rate of chimerism in the few shoots that are produced following transformation.

中文翻译：

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桃（Prunus persica L.）的遗传转化：挑战和前进方向。

自第一本报道转化的桃子植物再生以来，已经过去了近30年。然而，尚未确定该物种遗传转化的普遍适用性。为了获得有效的桃子转化系统，已经测试了许多策略。尽管花了很多时间和精力，但尽管成功时间相对较短，但缺乏成功已大大限制了桃作为树的模型遗传系统的用途。小而高质量的基因组；和经过充分研究的遗传资源。另外，由于缺乏有效的遗传转化方案，因此无法在桃子育种计划中应用许多生物技术工具。在这篇评论中 我们提供了该物种再生和遗传转化研究的概述，并总结了旨在生产转基因桃子的新颖策略和程序。讨论了开发强大的桃子转化系统的有前途的未来方法，重点是成功的主要瓶颈，包括效率低下。根癌农杆菌介导的转化，具有转化能力的细胞与具有再生能力的细胞之间的低水平对应性，以及转化后产生的少数新芽中的嵌合率高。