A survey of the cluster formation tendency and mechanism in transition metal-based glassy alloys is made with an emphasis on their manifestation in various physical properties. The cluster formation is partially inherited from the supercooling of the melt. However, it also develops due to the interaction between dissolved hydrogen and the frozen glassy structure. The glassy state as “cluster assembly” is regarded as a structural background for the interpretation of several anomalous concentration dependences of thermal and magnetic properties in these glasses. We will focus on the manifestation of alloying effects, the relation between irreversible and reversible structural relaxations both in the high, and low temperature range (observed near to the glass transition or after low temperature storage). The development of the cluster assembly is the consequence of the co-existence of various bonding types between the alloy components. These are brought together in the melt, ensuring sufficient glass-forming ability. The nucleation mechanism of the amorphous-nanocrystalline transformation is also explained as a cluster phenomenon, which significantly contributes to the evolution of magnetic ultra-softness in FINEMET-type alloys. Finally, the role of the quenched-in cluster structure in the mechanism of reversible and irreversible H-absorption is discussed. Irreversible H-induced structural rearrangements can appear as microphase separation in multicomponent systems, governed by the affinity difference between the metallic components and the absorbed hydrogen. This kind of H-induced reordering is responsible for the “volume activation” of amorphous H-storage alloys and it also causes the gradual breakdown of storage capacity during cyclic absorption–desorption steps. This article mainly focuses on the cluster phenomena in Fe-based glasses because of its unique combination of high mechanical strength, strong corrosion resistance, good thermal stability and excellent magnetic properties.

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过渡金属基玻璃态合金的性质和转变中的团簇相关现象

对过渡金属基玻璃态合金的团簇形成趋势和机理进行了调查，重点是它们在各种物理性质中的表现。团簇的形成部分地来自熔体的过冷。但是，由于溶解的氢和冻结的玻璃状结构之间的相互作用，它也会发展。作为“聚簇组件”的玻璃态被认为是解释这些玻璃中热和磁性能的几种异常浓度依赖性的结构背景。我们将关注合金化作用的表现，在高温和低温范围内（在玻璃化转变附近或低温保存后观察到）不可逆和可逆结构弛豫之间的关系。簇组件的发展是合金组件之间各种键合类型共存的结果。将它们融化在一起，确保足够的玻璃形成能力。非晶-纳米晶转变的成核机理也被解释为团簇现象，这极大地促进了FINEMET型合金的磁性超软化。最后，讨论了淬灭团簇结构在可逆和不可逆氢吸收机理中的作用。H诱导的不可逆结构重排可能表现为多组分系统中的微相分离，这取决于金属组分和吸收的氢之间的亲和力差异。这种H诱导的重排导致非晶H储存合金的“体积活化”，并且还导致在循环吸收-解吸步骤中储存容量的逐渐下降。本文主要研究铁基玻璃的团簇现象，因为它具有高机械强度，强耐腐蚀性，良好的热稳定性和出色的磁性能的独特组合。