To mitigate the effects of wind variability on power output, hybrid systems that combine offshore wind with other renewables are a promising option. In this work we explore the potential of combining offshore wind and solar power through a case study in Asturias (Spain)—a region where floating solutions are the only option for marine renewables due to the lack of shallow water areas, which renders bottom-fixed wind turbines inviable. Offshore wind and solar power resources and production are assessed based on high-resolution data and the technical specifications of commercial wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. Relative to a typical offshore wind farm, a combined offshore wind–solar farm is found to increase the capacity and the energy production per unit surface area by factors of ten and seven, respectively. In this manner, the utilization of the marine space is optimized. Moreover, the power output is significantly smoother. To quantify this benefit, a novel Power Smoothing (PS) index is introduced in this work. The PS index achieved by combining floating offshore wind and solar PV is found to be of up to 63%. Beyond the interest of hybrid systems in the case study, the advantages of combining floating wind and solar PV are extensible to other regions where marine renewable energies are being considered.

中文翻译：

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浮动式海上风能和太阳能光伏联合

为了减轻风量变化对功率输出的影响，将海上风能与其他可再生能源相结合的混合动力系统是一个有前途的选择。在这项工作中，我们通过在阿斯图里亚斯（西班牙）的案例研究中探索了将海上风能和太阳能相结合的潜力。在该地区，由于缺乏浅水区，浮动解决方案是海洋可再生能源的唯一选择，这使得水底固定风力涡轮机不可行。根据高分辨率数据以及商业风力涡轮机和太阳能光伏（PV）面板的技术规范，评估海上风能和太阳能资源及其生产。相对于典型的海上风电场，海上风光太阳能联合发电场的装机容量和单位表面积的能源产量分别增加了十倍和七倍。以这种方式，海洋空间的利用得到优化。而且，功率输出明显更平滑。为了量化这种好处，在这项工作中引入了新的功率平滑（PS）指数。通过将海上浮动风能和太阳能光伏发电相结合所获得的PS指数高达63％。在案例研究中，除了混合动力系统的兴趣之外，将浮动风能和太阳能PV结合起来的优势还可以扩展到其他正在考虑使用海洋可再生能源的地区。