Despite concerns about building dampness and children’ health, few studies have examined the effects of building energy efficiency standards. This study explored the connections between self‐reported household dampness and children’ adverse health outcomes across buildings corresponding to construction periods (pre‐2001, 2001‐2010, post‐2010). Significant differences of dampness‐related indicators were found between buildings; the prevalence was remarkable in pre‐2001 buildings. The prevalence of lifetime‐ever doctor‐diagnosed diseases for children was significantly associated with building dampness (adjust odd ratios > 1), but was not affected by construction periods. The hygrothermal performance for a typical residence was simulated, varying in U‐values of envelopes and air change rates. The simulated performance improvement increased indoor temperatures in 2001‐2010 and post‐2010 buildings. The frequency with higher indoor relative humidity was higher in pre‐2001 buildings, leading to the highest values for maximum mold index (M_max) on wall surface, especially in winter. Compared to buildings in 2001‐2010, increased insulation and lower air change rate led to a relatively higher relative humidity in post‐2010 buildings, adversely increasing the M_max values. The findings addressed the positive and negative role of building standard development, which help suggesting appropriate environmental and design solutions to trade‐off energy savings and dampness/mold risk in residences.

中文翻译：

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不同能效设计要求对应的建筑工期对家庭潮湿/霉菌和儿童疾病的影响评价

尽管担心建筑物潮湿和儿童健康，但很少有研究检查建筑物能效标准的影响。本研究探讨了与建筑时期（2001 年之前、2001 年至 2010 年、2010 年之后）相对应的建筑物中自我报告的家庭湿度与儿童不良健康结果之间的联系。建筑物之间的湿度相关指标存在显着差异；在 2001 年之前的建筑中，这种流行率非常高。儿童终生医生诊断疾病的患病率与建筑湿度显着相关（调整奇数比 > 1），但不受施工期的影响。对典型住宅的湿热性能进行了模拟，外壳的 U 值和换气率各不相同。模拟的性能改进提高了 2001-2010 年和 2010 年后建筑物的室内温度。2001 年之前的建筑物中室内相对湿度较高的频率较高，导致最大霉菌指数值最高（M _max ) 在墙面上，尤其是在冬天。与 2001 年至 2010 年的建筑物相比，绝缘的增加和换气率的降低导致 2010 年以后建筑物的相对湿度相对较高，从而不利地增加了M_最大值。调查结果解决了建筑标准制定的积极和消极作用，这有助于提出适当的环境和设计解决方案，以权衡住宅中的节能和潮湿/霉菌风险。