Abstract The safe and cost-effective excavation of mountain tunnels requires appropriate prediction and evaluation methods for ground conditions ahead of the tunnel face, since appropriate choice of support members and auxiliary tunneling methods depends on such data. The authors have developed a new prediction method based on monitoring tunnel crown inclination in the direction of the tunnel axis and have implemented it in field tests. The new method has the significant advantage of not hindering tunneling work, as neither additional borehole explorations nor blasting work around the face are required. This paper provides a systematic description of the basic concept of this inclination monitoring method and includes an outline of the tilt sensor, which has been designed for quick and easy installation. A field verification test is also reported. Numerical analysis is used to demonstrate that the proposed method is more sensitive to change in ground stiffness ahead of the face than conventional prediction methods using displacement monitoring, taking actual measurement accuracy and measurement intervals into consideration.

中文翻译：

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隧道拱顶倾角监测以预测开挖工作面前方地面刚度的变化

Abstract The safe and cost-effective excavation of mountain tunnels requires appropriate prediction and evaluation methods for ground conditions ahead of the tunnel face, since appropriate choice of support members and auxiliary tunneling methods depends on such data. 作者开发了一种基于隧道轴线方向隧道冠倾角监测的新预测方法，并已在现场试验中实施。新方法的显着优势是不妨碍隧道工作，因为不需要额外的钻孔勘探或工作面周围的爆破工作。本文对这种倾角监测方法的基本概念进行了系统的描述，并包括倾角传感器的概述，该传感器专为快速简便的安装而设计。还报告了现场验证测试。