Abstract The Pamir plateau is one of the highest mountain systems in the world, presenting a highly challenging environment for human occupation. During the Soviet era, researchers discovered several stratified archaeological sites in the Pamir zone – including the Oshhona site, which yielded a large collection of lithic artefacts and personal ornaments made of bone. Pairing archaeozoological and biomolecular methods (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) with use-wear analysis, we investigate the tradition of personal bone ornament production that emerged in the Pamir mountains during the Middle Holocene. Our analyses indicate that inhabitants of Oshhona site used a wide range of faunal remains to manufacture non-utilitarian items – including pendants, elongated beads, and engraved bone. Comparison of raw materials, manufacture technology, and style provide compelling evidence of cultural links between the Pamir and the middle highlands of the Tian Shan. Although available anthropological and genetic evidence is too scattered to assess the possibility of population movements, our results point to a shared techno-cultural tradition or common cultural adaptation in bone ornament production across these two regions, perhaps developing as a response to life at high altitudes in Central Asia during the Middle Holocene.

中文翻译：

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高亚洲的早期占领：帕米尔山脉奥什霍纳遗址装饰的新见解

摘要 帕米尔高原是世界上海拔最高的山地系统之一，为人类居住提供了极具挑战性的环境。在苏联时代，研究人员在帕米尔地区发现了几个分层的考古遗址——包括 Oshhona 遗址，那里收集了大量的石器文物和由骨头制成的个人装饰品。将考古动物学和生物分子方法（质谱动物考古学）与使用磨损分析相结合，我们调查了全新世中期在帕米尔山脉出现的个人骨骼装饰品生产传统。我们的分析表明，奥什霍纳遗址的居民使用范围广泛的动物遗骸来制造非实用物品——包括吊坠、细长的珠子和雕刻的骨头。原料、制造工艺比较，和风格为帕米尔高原和天山中部高地之间的文化联系提供了令人信服的证据。尽管现有的人类学和遗传证据过于分散，无法评估人口迁移的可能性，但我们的结果表明，这两个地区的骨装饰品生产存在共同的技术文化传统或共同的文化适应，这可能是对高海拔生活的反应中全新世时期的中亚。