To assess the effects of nasal decontamination on preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) in people who are Staphylococcus aureus carriers undergoing different types of surgeries and diverse measures of decolonization. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through systematic searches of the PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and the Cochrane Library databases. The risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and the effects model was chosen according to the heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed according to different types of surgeries and measures of decolonization that Staphylococcus aureus carriers were applied. Twenty RCTs published between 1996 and 2019 involving 10,526 patients were included. Pooled results showed that the overall SSIs and pulmonary surgery SSIs presented with a statistical difference in measures of nasal decontamination (RR = 0.59 and 0.47, respectively, both p < 0.01). However, the associations between nasal decolonization and increased risks of SSIs in orthopedics surgery or cardiovascular surgery remained insignificant in studies. As for the diverse measures of nasal decontamination, 50% used mupirocin, 15% used chlorhexidine, 30% used different types of antimicrobial drugs, and 5% use others. The SSIs rate were decreased after chlorhexidine (RR = 0.474, 95% CI 0.259–0.864), while no significant difference was shown in the use of mupirocin (RR = 0.871, 95% CI 0.544–1.394). It seems that nasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus may be associated with a reduction of SSIs in these patients, especially in patients who have been administered by pulmonary surgeries or treated with chlorhexidine.

中文翻译：

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金黄色葡萄球菌的鼻腔非殖民化和术后手术部位感染的风险：一项荟萃分析。

评估鼻部去污对预防金黄色葡萄球菌携带者的人进行不同类型的手术和各种非殖民化措施的效果，以预防手术部位感染（SSI）。通过对PubMed，Embase，Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆数据库进行系统搜索，确定了相关的随机对照试验（RCT）。计算风险比（RRs）和95％置信区间（CIs），并根据异质性选择效应模型。根据不同类型的手术和应用金黄色葡萄球菌载体的非殖民化措施进行亚组分析。纳入了1996年至2019年发布的20篇RCT，涉及10,526例患者。汇总结果显示，总体SSI和肺部手术SSI在鼻腔去污措施方面存在统计学差异（RR分别为0.59和0.47，两者均p <0.01）。然而，在研究中，鼻部非殖民化与骨科手术或心血管手术中SSI风险增加之间的关联仍然微不足道。至于鼻腔净化的各种措施，50％使用莫匹罗星，15％使用洗必太，30％使用不同类型的抗菌药物，5％使用其他抗菌药物。洗必太后的SSIs率降低（RR = 0.474，95％CI 0.259-0.864），而使用莫匹罗星没有显着差异（RR = 0.871，95％CI 0.544-1.394）。在这些患者中，金黄色葡萄球菌的鼻部非殖民化似乎与SSI降低有关，