Host immune responses play central roles in controlling SARS-CoV2 infection, yet remain incompletely characterized and understood. Here, we present a comprehensive immune response map spanning 454 proteins and 847 metabolites in plasma integrated with single-cell multi-omic assays of PBMCs in which whole transcriptome, 192 surface proteins, and T and B cell receptor sequence were co-analyzed within the context of clinical measures from 50 COVID19 patient samples. Our study reveals novel cellular subpopulations, such as proliferative exhausted CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and cytotoxic CD4+ T cells, that may be features of severe COVID-19 infection. We condensed over 1 million immune features into a single immune response axis that independently aligns with many clinical features and is also strongly associated with disease severity. Our study represents an important resource towards understanding the heterogeneous immune responses of COVID-19 patients and may provide key information for informing therapeutic development.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19患者的多组免疫免疫表型揭示了早期感染的轨迹。

宿主免疫反应在控制SARS-CoV2感染中起着核心作用，但仍未完全表征和理解。在这里，我们提出了一个完整的免疫应答图谱，涵盖了血浆中的454种蛋白质和847种代谢物，并与PBMC的单细胞多组学分析相结合，其中完整的转录组，192个表面蛋白以及T细胞和B细胞受体序列被共同分析。从50个COVID19患者样本中获取临床测量数据。我们的研究揭示了新的细胞亚群，例如增殖性的耗尽型CD8 +和CD4 + T细胞以及具有细胞毒性的CD4 + T细胞，这可能是严重COVID-19感染的特征。我们将超过一百万个免疫特征浓缩到一个免疫应答轴中，该轴独立符合许多临床特征，并且也与疾病的严重程度密切相关。