Nicotine use, which is mostly done through smoking tobacco, is among the most burdensome comorbidities of schizophrenia. However, the ways in which nicotine affects the cognitive and early sensory alterations found in this illness are still debated. After conducting a systematic literature search, 29 studies were selected. These studies involve individuals with schizophrenia who underwent cognitive and/or early sensory function assessments after acute nicotine administration and include 560 schizophrenia subjects and 346 non-schizophrenia controls. The findings highlight that a single dose of nicotine can improve a range of cognitive functions in schizophrenia subjects, such as attention, working memory, and executive functions, with attention being the most responsive domain. In addition, nicotine can modulate early detection of changes in the sensory environment at both the auditory and visual levels. Nevertheless, effects vary strongly depending on the type of neuropsychological assessment and nicotine intake conditions used in each study. The current findings suggest the need to consider a potential decrease of cognitive and early sensory performance when patients with schizophrenia quit smoking.

尼古丁的使用主要通过抽烟来完成，是精神分裂症最重的合并症之一。然而，尼古丁影响这种疾病中认知和早期感觉改变的方式仍存在争议。在进行系统的文献检索后，选择了29项研究。这些研究涉及患有精神分裂症的患者，这些患者在急性尼古丁给药后接受了认知和/或早期感觉功能评估，包括560名精神分裂症受试者和346名非精神分裂症对照。这些发现突出表明，单剂量尼古丁可以改善精神分裂症受试者的一系列认知功能，例如注意力，工作记忆和执行功能，其中注意力是最敏感的领域。此外，尼古丁可以在听觉和视觉水平上调节感觉环境变化的早期检测。然而，效果取决于每个研究中使用的神经心理学评估类型和尼古丁摄入条件而变化很大。当前的发现表明，当精神分裂症患者戒烟时，有必要考虑认知和早期感觉表现的潜在下降。