Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators based on organic-inorganic composite have attracted intensive attention for harvesting mechanical energy. However, charge annihilation situated in defect and stacking gap of inorganic nanofillers, which originates from its uneven dispersion within polymer matrix, constrains the practical application of composite piezoelectric nanogenerators. Herein, the usage of organic phosphonic acid in surface coating to improve the dispersion of BaTiO₃ is reported, implementing 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) as proof of concept modifier. The coating with organic phosphonic acid on surface effectively improves the distribution of BaTiO₃, mainly resulting from the strong chelating ability of reactive groups to organic matrix. Moreover, the well-distributed BaTiO₃ promotes the stress transmission efficiency of composite via diminishing the density of defects and gaps. Benefited from these, the piezoelectric nanogenerator with modified BaTiO₃ outputs a remarkable performance with a high voltage of 45 V even after 10,000 cycles and power density of 0.76 μW/cm², much better than the unmodified counterpart. This work helps unravel that manipulating surface chemistry of nanofiller could be effective in improving the performance of organic-inorganic composite piezoelectric nanogenerators.

基于有机-无机复合材料的柔性压电纳米发电机在机械能的收集方面引起了广泛的关注。然而，由于无机纳米填料在聚合物基体中的不均匀分散而导致的位于无机纳米填料的缺陷和堆积间隙中的电荷an灭限制了复合压电纳米发电机的实际应用。本文中，报道了在表面涂层中使用有机膦酸来改善BaTiO ₃的分散性，将2-膦酰基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸（PBTCA）用作概念改性剂。表面的有机膦酸涂层可有效改善BaTiO ₃的分布，主要是由于反应性基团对有机基质的强螯合能力。此外，分布均匀的BaTiO ₃通过减小缺陷和间隙的密度来提高复合材料的应力传递效率。得益于这些，带有改性BaTiO ₃的压电纳米发电机即使在经过10,000次循环后仍能以45 V的高电压输出卓越的性能，功率密度为0.76μW/ cm ²，比未改性的同类产品要好得多。这项工作有助于阐明操纵纳米填料的表面化学性质可能有效改善有机-无机复合压电纳米发电机的性能。